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Proctolin in the post-genomic era: new insights and challenges

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Invertebrate Neuroscience

Abstract

Complete understanding of how neuropeptides operate as neuromodulators and neurohormones requires integration of knowledge obtained at different levels of biology, including molecular, biochemical, physiological and whole organism studies. Major advances have recently been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of neuropeptide action in invertebrates by analysis of data generated from sequencing the genomes of several insect species, especially that of Drosophila melanogaster. This approach has quickly led to the identification of genes encoding: (1) novel neuropeptide sequences, (2) neuropeptide receptors and (3) peptidases that might be responsible for the processing and inactivation of neuropeptides. In this article, we review our current knowledge of the biosynthesis, receptor interaction and metabolic inactivation of the arthropod neuropeptide, proctolin, and how the analysis and exploitation of genome sequencing projects has provided new insights.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council of the UK (R.E.I. and A.D.S., grants 24/S15562 and ISIS 1095), the Swedish Research Council (D.R.N., 621-2001-1605) and the Swedish Natural Science Research Council (D.R.N., BU 01820) for financial support. We also thank John Findlay, School of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Leeds, for valuable discussion of GPCR structure.

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  1. Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, L.C. Miall Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

    R. Elwyn Isaac

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK

    Christine A. Taylor & Alan D. Shirras

  3. Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden

    Yasutaka Hamasaka & Dick R. Nässel

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  1. R. Elwyn Isaac
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Correspondence to R. Elwyn Isaac.

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Isaac, R.E., Taylor, C.A., Hamasaka, Y. et al. Proctolin in the post-genomic era: new insights and challenges. Invert Neurosci 5, 51–64 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-004-0029-5

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