Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate relationship between migraine and cerebral infarction in young people. Patients aging 16–44 years, referred for stroke and age- and gender-matched controls were investigated for migraine following the International Headache Society criteria. Included people were 314 strokes and 314 controls. Each group consisted of 150 men and 164 women. Of the 105 persons with migraine (16.7%), 57 had migraine with aura (9.1%). In women, migraine with aura was related to stroke [35 women among strokes (21.3%) vs. 9 among controls (5.5%), P < 0.0001], whereas migraine without aura was not. After multivariate analysis, migraine with aura remained independently associated with stroke together with hypertension, and the estro-progestinic utilization. In men, migraine was not associated with stroke. In conclusion, migraine with aura appears to be associated with ischemic stroke in young women, independently from other common risk factors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Henrich JB, Horwitz RI (1989) A controlled study of ischemic stroke risk in migraine patients. J Clin Epidemiol 49:773–780
Tzourio C, Iglesias S, Hubert JB, Visy JM, Alperovich A, Tehindrazanarivelo A, Biousse V, Woimant F, Bousser MG (1993) Migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke: a case-control study. BMJ 307:289–292
Lidegaard O (1995) Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and the risk of cerebral thromboembolism: the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine, and previous thrombotic disease. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 102:153–159
Buring J, Herbert P, Romero J, Kittross A, Cook N, Manson J, Peto R, Hennekens C (1995) Migraine and subsequent risk of stroke in the Physicians’ health study. Arch Neurol 52:129–134
Carolei A, Marini C, DeMatteis G (1996) and the Italian National Research Council Study Group on Stroke in the Young. Lancet 347:1503–1506
Haapaniemi H, Hillbom M, Juvela S (1997) Lifestyle-associated risk factors for acute brain infarction among persons of working age. Stroke 28:3–26
Merikangas KR, Fenton BT, Cheng SH, Stolar MJ, Risch N (1997) Association between migraine and stroke in a large-scale epidemiological study on the United States. Arch Neurol 54:362–368
Chang CL, Donaghy M, Boulter N (1999) Migraine and stroke in young women: case-control study. BMJ 318:13–18
Jousilathi P, Toumilehto J, Rastenyte D, Vartianen E (2003) Headache and the risk of stroke. Arch Neurol 163:1058–1062
Schwaag S, Nabavi DG, Frese A, Husstedt IW, Evers S (2003) The association between migraine and juvenile stroke: a case-control study. Headache 43:90–95
Nightingale AL, Farmer RDT (2004) Ischemic stroke in young women a nested case-control study using the UK General Practice research database. Stroke 35:1574–1578
Velentgas P, Cole JA, Mo J (2004) Severe vascular events in migraine patients. Headache 44:642–651
Hall GC, Brown MM, Mo J, MacRae KD (2004) Triptans in migraine: the risks of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and death in practice. Neurology 62:563–568
Stang FE, Carson AP, Rose KM, Mo J, Ephross SA, Shahar E, Szklo M (2005) Headache, cerebrovascular symptoms, and stroke. The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Neurology 64:1573–1577
Kurth T, Slomke MA, Kase CS, Cook NR, Lee IM, Gaziano JM, Diener HC, Buring JE (2005) Migraine, headache, and the risk of stroke in women: a prospective study. Neurology 64:1020–1026
Kurth T, Gaziano MJ, Cook NR, Logroscino GC, Diener HC, Buring JE (2006) Migraine and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. JAMA 296:283–291
MacClellan LR, Giles W, Cole J, Wozniak M, Stern B, Mitchell BD, Kittner SJ (2007) Probable migraine with visual aura and risk of ischemic stroke. The Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study. Stroke 38:2438–2445
Etminan M, Takkouke B, Isorna FC, Samii A (2005) Risk of ischaemic stroke in people with migraine: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 330:63–67
Bousser MG (2004) Estrogen, migraine and stroke. Stroke 35(suppl 1):2652–2656
Diener HC, Kurth T (2005) Editorial: is migraine a risk factor for stroke? Neurology 64:1496–1497
Kurth T (2007) Migraine and ischaemic vascular events. Cephalalgia 27:967–975
Silberstein SD (2004) Migraine. Lancet 363:381–391
Camerlingo M, Casto L, Ferraro B, Partziguian T, Gazzaniga GC, Galavotti B, Mamoli A (2000) Recurrence after first cerebral infarction in young adults. Acta Neurol Scand 102:87–93
Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C (1991) Classification and natural history of identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet 337:1521–1526
Kappelle LJ, Adams HP Jr, Heffner ML, Torner JC, Gomez F, Biller J (1994) Prognosis of young adults with ischemic stroke. A long-term follow-up study assessing recurrent vascular events and functional outcome in the Iowa registry of stroke in young adults. Stroke 25:1360–1365
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (1988) Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Cephalalgia 8 (suppl 7):1–96
Headache Classification SubCommittee of the International Headache Society (2004) The international classification and of headache disorders. Cephalalgia 24 (suppl 1):1–15
Kurth T, Gaziano MJ, Cook NR, Bubes V, Logroscino GC, Diener HC, Buring JE (2007) Migraine and the risk of cardiovascular diseases in men. Arch Intern Med 167:795–801
Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Diamond M, Freitag F, Reed ML, Stewart WF (2007) on behalf of the AMPP Advisory Group. Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy. Neurology 68:343–349
Kruit MC, van Buchem MA, Hofman PAM, Bakkers JTN, Terwindt GM, Ferrari MD, Launer LJ (2004) Migraine as a risk factor for subclinical brain lesions. JAMA 291:427–434
Donaghy M, Chang CL, Poulter N (2002) Duration, frequency, recency, and type of migraine and the risk of ischaemic stroke in women of childbearing age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 73:747–750
Tietjen GE (2007) Migraine and ischaemic heart disease and stroke: potential mechanisms and treatment implications. Cephalalgia 27:981–987
Hart RG, Miller VT (1983) Cerebral infarction in young adult: a practical approach. Stroke 14:110–114
Conflict of interest statement
The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This study was partly presented at the XXXVI Congress of the Italian Neurological Society at Cernobbio (CO), 2005.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Camerlingo, M., Romorini, A., Ferrante, C. et al. Migraine and cerebral infarction in young people. Neurol Sci 31, 293–297 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-009-0195-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-009-0195-7