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Electrical stimulation enhances tissue reorganization during orthodontic tooth movement in rats

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Abstract

Objective

This study evaluated the effects of a low-intensity electric current on tissue reorganization during experimental orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and methods

Thirty-two animals were divided into two groups evaluated on days 3 and 7: OTM—orthodontic tooth movement and OTM + MC—orthodontic tooth movement and microcurrent application (10 μA/5 min). The samples were processed for histological, morphometric, and Western blotting analysis.

Results

Analysis of the periodontal ligament (PL) showed a significantly smaller number of granulocytes in the OTM + MC group on day 7.The number of fibroblasts was significantly higher in the OTM + MC group on days 3 and 7. The area of birefringent collagen fibers was more organized in the OTM + MC group on days 3 and 7. The number of blood vessels was significantly higher in the OTM + MC group on day 7. Microcurrent application significantly increased the number of osteoclasts in the compression region of the PL. In the OTM + MC group on day 7 of tooth movement, the expression of TGF-β1 and VEGF was significantly reduced whereas the expression of bFGF was increased in PL.

Conclusions

Electrical stimulation enhances tissue responses, reducing the number of granulocytes and increasing the number of fibroblasts, blood vessels, and osteoclasts and modulates the expression of TGF-β1, VEFG, and bFGF.

Clinical relevance

This technique is used in many areas of medicine, but poorly explored in dentistry and orthodontics. This treatment is cheap and non-invasive and can be applied by own orthodontist, and it can improve the treatment with a faster and safe tooth movement, without pain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program of Orthodontics, Heminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil

    Gisele Sampaio Spadari, Silvia Amelia Scudeler Vedovello & Milton Santamaria-Jr

  2. School of Dentistry, Heminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil

    Ewerton Zaniboni

  3. Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Heminio Ometto University Center, UNIARARAS, Dr. Maximiliano Baruto, 500, Araras, SP, 13607-339, Brazil

    Maria Esméria Corezola do Amaral, Gláucia Maria Tech dos Santos, Marcelo Augusto Marretto Esquisatto, Fernanda Aparecida Sampaio Mendonca & Milton Santamaria-Jr

  4. Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, State University of São Paulo, UNESP, Av. Eng. Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil

    Mauro Pedrine Santamaria

Authors
  1. Gisele Sampaio Spadari
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  2. Ewerton Zaniboni
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  3. Silvia Amelia Scudeler Vedovello
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  4. Mauro Pedrine Santamaria
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  5. Maria Esméria Corezola do Amaral
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  6. Gláucia Maria Tech dos Santos
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  7. Marcelo Augusto Marretto Esquisatto
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  8. Fernanda Aparecida Sampaio Mendonca
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  9. Milton Santamaria-Jr
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Correspondence to Milton Santamaria-Jr.

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Funding

This study was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CAPES/PNPD (process no. 23038.008192/2013-01) and Heminio Ometto University Center.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in the present research were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Research Ethics Committee of Herminio Ometto University Center (permit no. 095/2011) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

The studied experimental model involves animals (rats), thus informed consent is not necessary.

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Spadari, G.S., Zaniboni, E., Vedovello, S.A.S. et al. Electrical stimulation enhances tissue reorganization during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Clin Oral Invest 21, 111–120 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1759-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-016-1759-6

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