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Salivary shedding of Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of EBV and CMV DNA detection in saliva of HIV infected and non-HIV individuals and their siblings. The study group comprised 240 individuals. Group 1 comprised of 40 HIV-infected patients, group 2 40 non-HIV individuals, group 3 two siblings for each patient from group 1 (n = 80), and group 4 two siblings for each individual from group 2 (n = 80). Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected, DNA was extracted, and amplification was performed using a nested PCR protocol. EBV and CMV DNA was detected in 7/40 (17.5%) and 5/40 (12.5%) individuals from group 1, 8/40 (20%) and 3/40 (7.5%) from group 2, 11/80 (13.8%) and 2/80 (2.5%) from group 3, and 8/80 (10%) and 1/80 (1.3%) from group 4, respectively. Five (71.4%) out of seven HIV/EBV coinfected individuals of group 1 had a relative also infected with EBV (OR = 11.25, CI [1.75–72.5], p = 0.011). Regarding group 2, among the eight non-HIV and EBV-infected individuals, three (37.5%) had a relative also positive to EBV (p = 0.320). No individual HIV/CMV coinfected had a relative CMV infected (p = 1.00). Also, only one non-HIV and CMV-infected individual had a relative also positive to CMV (p = 0.075). EBV and CMV DNA was detected mainly in those who had HIV viral load counts <400/mL (71%, p = 0.2 and 100%, p = 1, respectively) and those who had CD4 T cells counts between 200 and 400/mm3 (57%, p = 0.544 and 60%, p = 0.249, respectively). HIV-infected individuals and healthy controls showed a similar frequency of viral DNA detection. EBV DNA was significantly amplified in saliva of household members of HIV/EBV coinfected individuals.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and The Pernambuco Research Foundation (FACEPE), for the financial support of this work and to Dr. Chog Gee Teo (CDC-Atlanta) who kindly revised this manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Oral Medicine Unit, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Talita Ribeiro Tenório de França, Alessandra de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho, Valder Barbosa Gomes, Luiz Alcino Gueiros & Jair Carneiro Leao

  2. Eastman Dental Institute, Oral Medicine Unit, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic, Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of London, London, UK

    Stephen Ross Porter

  3. Coordenador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, CEP 50670-901, Brazil

    Jair Carneiro Leao

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  1. Talita Ribeiro Tenório de França
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Correspondence to Jair Carneiro Leao.

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de França, T.R.T., de Albuquerque Tavares Carvalho, A., Gomes, V.B. et al. Salivary shedding of Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1. Clin Oral Invest 16, 659–664 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0548-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-011-0548-5

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