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Petrogenesis and thermal history of the Yulong porphyry copper deposit, Eastern Tibet: insights from U-Pb and U-Th/He dating, and zircon Hf isotope and trace element analysis

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Abstract

The Yulong porphyry copper deposit (6.5 Mt at 0.46 % Cu) in eastern Tibet was formed in a post-collisional setting. New zircon U–Pb and U–Th/He ages, apatite U–Th/He ages and in-situ zircon Hf isotopic and trace element data for the Yulong ore-bearing adakitic porphyries elucidate the thermal history and petrogenesis of the deposit. Zircon U–Pb ages range from from 41.2 Ma to 40.7 Ma, indicating an Eocene formation age. Combined with the zircon U–Th/He age of 37.5 ± 1.2 Ma, results suggest that magmatic-hydrothermal evolution lasted up to 5 m.y. The apatite U–Th/He age of 33.4 ± 0.9 Ma reflects Yulong deposit exhumation during the ~33–30 Ma Tibetan uplift. Moreover, the high εHf(t)-values (7.1 ~ 12.2) zircon yield the highest ΣREE content, higher Y/Hf, lower Ce/Ce* and higher Th/U ratios compared to inherited zircon or magmatic zircon suggesting that the high εHf(t) zircon crystallized from another magma, and that magma mixing probably contributed to the adakitic porphyries at Yulong. In addition, inherited and magmatic zircon with the lowest εHf(t) values (−20.6 ~ −4.4) suggest crustal contamination. The positive zircon εHf(t) values indicate a source in the juvenile arc lower crust. Significantly, the juvenile arc lower crust inherited arc magma characteristics (abundant F, Cl, Cu and high oxidation state), which are now found in the porphyry Cu–Mo deposits.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Yue-Heng Yang for help with zircon LA-ICP-MS analyses, Brad McDonald and Celia Mayers for (U-Th)/He analyses, and Xin Yan and Sai-Hong Yang for zircon CL images. This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation Project (40902027, 41072059 and 40772066).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100085, China

    Jinxiang Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beitucheng West Road 19#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People’s Republic of China

    Kezhang Qin, Guangming Li, Mingjian Cao, Bo Xiao & Junxing Zhao

  3. China Nonferrous Metal Mining (Group) Co., Ltd, Anli Road 10#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China

    Bo Xiao

  4. MRL Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing, 100037, China

    Lei Chen

  5. CSIRO Earth Science and Resource Engineering, 26 Dick Perry Ave., Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia

    Noreen J. Evans & Brent I. A. McInnes

  6. John De Laeter Center for Isotope Research, Department of Applied Geology/Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6945, Australia

    Noreen J. Evans & Brent I. A. McInnes

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Li, J., Qin, K., Li, G. et al. Petrogenesis and thermal history of the Yulong porphyry copper deposit, Eastern Tibet: insights from U-Pb and U-Th/He dating, and zircon Hf isotope and trace element analysis. Miner Petrol 105, 201–221 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-012-0211-0

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