Abstract
The purpose was to investigate if shoulder muscle strength in post-rehabilitated persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) was affected by kayak ergometer training and to compare shoulder strength in persons with SCI and able-bodied persons. Ten persons with SCI (7 males and 3 females, injury levels T3–T12) performed 60 min kayak ergometer training three times a week for 10 weeks with progressively increased intensity. Maximal voluntary concentric contractions were performed during six shoulder movements: flexion and extension (range of motion 65°), abduction and adduction (65°), and external and internal rotation (60°), with an angular velocity of 30° s−1. Position specific strength was assessed at three shoulder angles (at the beginning, middle and end of the range of motion) in the respective movements. Test–retests were performed for all measurements before the training and the mean intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.941 (95% CI 0.928–0.954). There was a main effect of kayak ergometer training with increased shoulder muscle strength after training in persons with SCI. The improvements were independent of shoulder movement, and occurred in the beginning and middle positions. A tendency towards lower shoulder muscle strength was observed in the SCI group compared to a matched reference group of able-bodied persons. Thus, it appears that post-rehabilitated persons with SCI have not managed to fully regain/maintain their shoulder muscle strength on a similar level as that of able-bodied persons, and are able to improve their shoulder muscle strength after a period of kayak ergometer training.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the Swedish Inheritance Fund and the Swedish Center of Sport Research for financial support and Rekryteringsgruppen for Active Rehabilitation for initiating and continuously supporting the project. Special thanks are due to the participants and to the instructors (Mats-Erik Bjerkefors, Micka Hahne, Gunnar Krantz, and Ulla Löfquist), who made the training and the testing period a pleasant and rewarding time for all involved. Finally, we would like to thank Benny Setterberg, Leif Wahlstedt and Samuel Karlsson for the excellent collaboration and contribution to the development of the adjustable balance module on the kayak ergometer, and Maria Ekblom (formerly Nordlund) for her valuable comments on the manuscript.
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Bjerkefors, A., Jansson, A. & Thorstensson, A. Shoulder muscle strength in paraplegics before and after kayak ergometer training. Eur J Appl Physiol 97, 613–618 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0231-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0231-8