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Distribution of platinum-group elements and Os isotopes in chromite ores from Mayarí-Baracoa Ophiolitic Belt (eastern Cuba)

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Abstract

The Mayarí-Baracoa ophiolitic belt in eastern Cuba hosts abundant chromite deposits of historical economic importance. Among these deposits, the chemistry of chromite ore is very variable, ranging from high Al (Cr#=0.43–0.55) to high Cr (Cr#=0.60–0.83) compositions. Platinum-group element (PGE) contents are also variable (from 33 ppb to 1.88 ppm) and correlate positively with the Cr# of the ore. Bulk PGE abundances correlate negatively with the Pd/Ir ratio showing that chromite concentrates mainly Os, Ir and Ru which gives rise to the characteristic negatively sloped, chrondrite-normalized PGE patterns in many chromitites. This is consistent with the mineralogy of PGEs, which is dominated by members of the laurite–erlichmanite solid solution series (RuS2–OsS2), with minor amounts of irarsite (IrAsS), Os–Ir alloys, Ru–Os–Ir–Fe–Ni alloys, Ni–Rh–As, and sulfides of Ir, Os, Rh, Cu, Ni, and/or Pd. Measured 187Os/188Os ratios (from 0.1304 to 0.1230) are among the lower values reported for podiform chromitites. The 187Os/188Os ratios decrease with increasing whole-rock PGE contents and Cr# of chromite. Furthermore, γOs values of all but one of the chromitite samples are negative indicating a subchondiritc mantle source. γOs decrease with increasing bulk Os content and decreasing 187Re/188Os ratios. These mineralogical and geochemical features are interpreted in terms of chromite crystallization from melts varying in composition from back-arc basalts (Al-rich chromite) to boninites (Cr-rich chromite) in a suprasubduction zone setting. Chromite crystallization occurs as a consequence of magma mixing and assimilation of preexisting gabbro sills at the mantle–crust transition zone. Cr#, PGE abundances, and bulk Os isotopic composition of chromitites are determined by the combined effects of mantle source heterogeneity, the degree of partial melting, the extent of melt-rock interactions, and the local sulfur fugacity. Small-scale (μm to cm) chemical and isotopic heterogeneities in the platinum-group minerals are controlled by the mechanism(s) of chromite crystallization in a heterogeneous environment created by the turbulent regime generated by successive inputs of different batches of melt.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the assistance of A. Rodríguez-Vega, J. Blanco Moreno, J. Batista Rodríguez, R. Ruiz Sánchez, and S. Pereira during field work. We also acknowledge X. Llovet (Serveis Científico-Tècnics of the University of Barcelona), A. González Segura (Centro de Instrumentación Científica of the University of Granada) for their assistance with EPMA and FESEM, respectively, A. Caballero for his help in the final preparation of the figures and the critical review of C. Ballhaus. This research has been financially supported by the Spanish projects BTE2001-3308 and CGL2004-00622, the research group (RNM 131) of the Junta de Andalucia and by NSF grant EAR 0309414 to A.M. SNF grant 21-01-0492 to R.F. is greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología and Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada—CSIC, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002, Granada, Spain

    F. Gervilla

  2. Departament de Cristal·lografía, Mineralogia i Dipòsits Minerals, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028, Barcelona, Spain

    J.A. Proenza & J.C. Melgarejo

  3. Geological Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark

    R. Frei

  4. Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002, Granada, Spain

    J.M. González-Jiménez & C.J. Garrido

  5. Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 320 Lomita Mal, California, 94305-2115, USA

    A. Meibom

  6. Departamento de Geología, Instituto Superior Minero Metalúrgico de Moa, Las Coloradas s/n, 83320, Moa, Holguín, Cuba

    R. Díaz-Martínez

  7. Empresa Geominera de Oriente, Carretera de Siboney s/n, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba

    W. Lavaut

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  1. F. Gervilla
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Correspondence to F. Gervilla.

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Communicated by: J. Hoefs

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Gervilla, F., Proenza, J., Frei, R. et al. Distribution of platinum-group elements and Os isotopes in chromite ores from Mayarí-Baracoa Ophiolitic Belt (eastern Cuba). Contrib Mineral Petrol 150, 589–607 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-005-0039-2

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