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Parathyroid Hormone, Calcium, and Sodium Bridging Between Osteoporosis and Hypertension in Postmenopausal Korean Women

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Abstract

The coexistence of osteoporosis and hypertension, which are considered distinct diseases, has been widely reported. In addition, daily intake of calcium and sodium, as well as parathyroid hormone levels (PTH), is known to be associated with osteoporosis and hypertension. This study aimed to determine the association of low calcium intake, high sodium intake, and PTH levels with osteoporosis and hypertension in postmenopausal Korean women. Data for postmenopausal Korean women aged 50 years or older were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011. Osteoporosis was diagnosed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, while hypertension was diagnosed using blood pressure data. The odds ratios for osteoporosis and hypertension were calculated using logistic regression analysis for quartiles of the daily calcium intake, daily sodium intake, and PTH levels. Women with hypertension had a high coexistence of osteoporosis (43.6 vs. 36.5 %; P = 0.022), and vice versa (21.1 vs. 16.6 %; P = 0.022). PTH was significantly associated with osteoporosis and hypertension, and a high intake of calcium was strongly correlated with a low incidence of osteoporosis. This is the first study to report the characteristics of postmenopausal Korean women who have high dietary sodium intake and low dietary calcium intake, in association with the incidence of osteoporosis and hypertension. Osteoporosis and hypertension were strongly associated with each other, and PTH appears to be a key mediator of both diseases, suggesting a possible pathogenic link.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant, which is funded by the Korean government (MEST) (NRF-2012R1A2A2A03045612).

Conflict of interest

Jee Soo Park, Soo Beom Choi, Jai Won Chung, Yumie Rhee, Eui-Young Choi, and Deok Won Kim have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, CPO Box 8044, Seoul, Korea

    Jee Soo Park, Soo Beom Choi, Jai Won Chung & Deok Won Kim

  2. Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Jee Soo Park

  3. Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

    Soo Beom Choi

  4. Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Yumie Rhee

  5. Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea

    Jai Won Chung & Deok Won Kim

  6. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

    Eui-Young Choi

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  1. Jee Soo Park
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Correspondence to Deok Won Kim.

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Park, J.S., Choi, S.B., Rhee, Y. et al. Parathyroid Hormone, Calcium, and Sodium Bridging Between Osteoporosis and Hypertension in Postmenopausal Korean Women. Calcif Tissue Int 96, 417–429 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-015-9972-x

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