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Einfluss des Lebensstils auf neurodegenerative Erkrankungen

Influence of lifestyle on neurodegenerative diseases

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Zusammenfassung

Lebensstilfaktoren im mittleren Lebensabschnitt beeinflussen das Risiko, im weiteren Verlauf des Lebens eine neurodegenerative Erkrankung zu entwickeln. Gute Daten für Lebensstilfaktoren liegen heute für die Alzheimer- und die Parkinson-Krankheit vor. Rege körperliche und geistige Aktivität, eine ausgewogene Ernährung oder eine mediterrane Diät mit hohem Anteil ungesättigter Fettsäuren, die medikamentöse Behandlung einer arteriellen Hypertonie, ein ausreichender und unfragmentierter Schlaf und möglicherweise die Behandlung mit liquorgängigen Statinen verringern das Risiko, im höheren Lebensalter an einer Demenz zu erkranken. Mehrere Studien der letzten Jahre belegen, dass die altersadjustierte Inzidenz der Demenzen über die letzten Jahre abgenommen hat. Dieses ist vermutlich auf einen gesünderen Lebensstil und die medikamentöse Behandlung von Risikofaktoren zurückzuführen. Auch für die Parkinson-Krankheit konnte ein protektiver Einfluss regelmäßiger körperlicher Aktivität auf ihre Entstehung nachgewiesen werden. Ob Lebensstilfaktoren auch nach klinischer Manifestation einer Alzheimer- oder Parkinson-Krankheit noch Einfluss auf den weiteren Verlauf und die Progression der Erkrankung haben, ist fraglich.

Summary

Lifestyle factors in midlife have an important influence on the risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease during later life. Data on lifestyle factors exist for Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Continuous physical and cognitive activity, a balanced or Mediterranean diet with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, the pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension, sufficient and unfragmented sleep and possibly treatment with lipophilic statins reduce the risk of developing dementia later in life. Several studies in recent years have provided evidence that during the last decades the age-adjusted incidence of dementia has decreased. This is probably due to a healthier lifestyle and the treatment of risk factors. Continuous physical activity also decreases the likelihood of developing Parkinson’s disease. Whether lifestyle factors also have an influence on the course and the progression of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases in the symptomatic stages is unknown.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. J.B. Schulz und G. Deuschl geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Klinik, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland

    J.B. Schulz

  2. JARA – Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Deutschland

    J.B. Schulz

  3. Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinik Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland

    G. Deuschl

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  1. J.B. Schulz
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  2. G. Deuschl
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Correspondence to J.B. Schulz.

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Schulz, J., Deuschl, G. Einfluss des Lebensstils auf neurodegenerative Erkrankungen. Nervenarzt 86, 954–959 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4252-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-014-4252-y

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