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Lyme-Borreliose

Kutane Manifestationen

Lyme borreliosis

Cutaneous manifestation

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Zusammenfassung

Die Lyme-Borreliose ist eine durch Schildzecken übertragene Infektionskrankheit, die durch verschiedene Genospecies von Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato verursacht wird. In den USA gibt es nur Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, in Europa mindestens 5 verschiedene humanpathogene Borrelienspecies. Am häufigsten sind B. afzelii und B. garinii. Nicht jede Infektion führt zur Erkrankung. Im Frühstadium kommt es am häufigsten in der Umgebung der Einstichstelle zu einer lokalisierten Hautentzündung, dem Erythema migrans. Nach hämatogener Disseminierung können multiple Erythemata migrantia und eine grippeartige Symptomatik bis zur Meningitis auftreten. Im Spätstadium können multiple Organsysteme befallen werden, in Europa insbesondere die Haut mit verschiedenen Formen der Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, das zentrale und periphere Nervensystem, die Gelenke und der Herzmuskel. Die Erkrankung kann durch die typische Anamnese, den klinischen Befund und die Erhöhung der borrelienspezifischen IgM- und IgG-Antikörper im Serum und Liquor entsprechend der MIQ-Richtlinien diagnostiziert werden; in besonderen Fällen auch durch Anzucht von B. burgdorferi oder DNS-Nachweis mittels PCR. Die Therapie mit Antibiotika wird im Frühstadium mindestens 10 Tage bis maximal 3 Wochen mit Doxycyclin, Amoxicillin oder Cefuroxim oral durchgeführt. Im Spätstadium sollte 3 bis 4 Wochen oral behandelt werden. Bei neurologischen Symptomen ist eine intravenöse Therapie mit Ceftriaxon oder Penicillin G-Infusionen erforderlich.

Abstract

Lyme borreliosis is a tick transmitted infectious disease caused by different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. In USA only one species B. burgdorferi sensu stricto is prevalent, whereas in Europe at least 5 different pathogenic species could be identified. The most prevalent species are B. afzelii and B. garinii. Infection is not always causing disease. In early infection, a localized skin inflammation, called erythema migrans, occurs around the tick bite, hematogenous dissemination of Borrelia causes flu like symptoms up to meningitis and multiple erythemata migrantia on the skin. In late stage multiple organ systems can be affected, in Europe especially the skin with various forms of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, the central and peripheral nervous system, joints and heartmuscle. Lyme borreliosis can be diagnosed by the typical history, the clinical symptoms and the elevated Borrelia specific IgM- and IgG-antibodies in serum and CSF according to the MIQ guidelines, in special cases B. burgdorferi can be cultivated or DNA detected by PCR. Therapy of choice for early infection is oral antibiotics like doxycycline, amoxicillin and cefuroxime for at least 10 days up to 21 days. Late stage infections should be treated for 3–4 weeks. Patients with neurological symptoms should be treated intravenously with ceftriaxone or penicillin G.

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Notes

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Die vollständige Literatur finden Sie in der Online-Version.

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Hofmann, H. Lyme-Borreliose. Hautarzt 56, 783–796 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-005-0995-5

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