Abstract
Self-efficacy has been postulated as a construct of central importance in the acquisition, maintenance, and treatment of addictive behavior. To date research has largely examined the role of outcome expectancies but literature on the relationship of self-efficacy and drinking is still unclear. This paper describes the development and psychometric properties of a Drinking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DSEQ). In Study I, 251 students were used to test the factor structure of the DSEQ. Factor analysis of the DSEQ showed three clear factors accounting for 60% of the common variance. These factors can be summarized as self-efficacy in situations characterized by social pressure, opportunistic drinking, and emotional relief. Study II used 138 people from a general community sample and discriminant analyses showed that the DSEQ has good discriminant validity. The findings suggest that the DSEQ has potential for use in research examining the role of drinking self-efficacy in problem drinkers.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allsop, S., & Saunders, B. (1989). The effectiveness of relapse programmes. In B. F. Grenyer & N. Solovij (Eds.),National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Monograph 7, Cognitive-behavioural approaches to the treatment of drug and alcohol problems. Sydney: University of New South Wales.
Annis, H. M. (1982).Situational Confidence Questionnaire. Toronto: Addiction Research Foundation.
Arrindell, W. A., Sanderman, R., Van der Molen, H., Van der Ende, J., & Mersh, P. (1988). The structure of assertiveness: A confirmatory approach.Behavioural Research and Therapy, 26, 337–339.
Baer, J. S., & Lichtenstein, E. (1988). Cognitive assessment in smoking cessation. In D. M. Donovan & G. A. Marlatt (Eds.),Assessment of addictive behaviors. New York: Guilford Press.
Bandura, A. (1977). Toward a unifying theory of behavior change.Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.
Bandura, A. (1986).Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A., & Adams, N. E. (1977). Analysis of self efficacy theory of behavior change.Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4, 39–66.
Bandura, A., & Cervone, D. (1983). Self evaluative and self efficacy mechanisms governing the motivational effects of goal systems.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 1017–1028.
Bandura, A., Adams, N. E., Hardy, A. B., & Howells, G. N. (1980). Tests of the generality of self efficacy theory.Cognitive Therapy and Research, 4, 39–66.
Brown, S. A., Goldman, M. S., & Christiansen, B. A. (1987). The Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire: An instrument for the assessment of adolescent and adult alcohol expectancies.Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 48, 483–491.
Burling, T. A., Reilly, P. M., Moltzen, J. O., & Ziff, D. C. (1989). Self efficacy and relapse among inpatient drug and alcohol abusers: A predictor of outcome.Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 50, 354–360.
Cattell, R. B. (1966). The meaning and strategic use of factor analysis. In R. B. Cattell (Ed.),Handbook of univariate experimental psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally.
Christiansen, B. A., & Goldman, M. S. (1983). Alcohol-related expectancies versus demographic/background variables in the prediction of adolescent drinkers.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 50, 336–344.
Christiansen, B. A., Smith, G. T., Roehling, P. V., & Goldman, M. S. (1989). Using alcohol expectancies to predict adolescent drinking behavior after one year.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 93–99.
Cox, M. W. (1985). Personality correlates of substance abuse. In M. Galizio & S. A. Maisto (Eds.),Determinants of substance abuse. New York: Plenum.
DeMilio, L. (1989). Psychiatric syndromes in adolescent substance abusers.American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1212–1214.
Eysenck, S. B. G., Eysenck, H. J., & Barrett, P. (1985). A revised version of the psychoticism scale.Personality and Industrial Differences, 6(1), 21–29.
Fromme, K., Kivlahan, D. R., & Marlatt, G. M. (1986). Alcohol expectancies, risk idenlification and secondary prevention wilh problem drinkers.Advances in Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8, 237–251.
Hansen, W. B., Graham, J. W., Sobel, J. L., Shellon, D. R., Play, B. R., & Johnson, C. A. (1987). The consistency of peer and parenl influences on tobacco, alcohol and marijuana use.Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10, 559–579.
Kaiser, H. F. (1958). The varimax criterion for analylic rolalion in faclor analysis.Psychometrika, 23, 187–200.
Kalodner, C. R., Delucia, J. L., & Urspring, A. W. (1989). An examination of the tension reduction hypothesis. The relationship between anxiely and alcohol in college sludents.Addictive Behaviors, 14, 649–654.
Khavari, K. A., & Farber, P. D. (1978). a profile instrument for the qualification and assessment of alcohol consumption: The Khavari Alcohol Test (KAT).Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 39, 1525–1529.
Lawrance, L., & Rubinson, L. (1986). Self efficacy as a predictor of smoking behavior in young adolescents.Addictive Behaviors, 11, 367–382.
Marlatt, G. A., & Gordon, J. R. (1980). Determinants of relapse: Implications for the maintenance of behaviour change. In P. O. Davidson & S. M. Davidson (Eds.),Behavioral medicine: Changing health lifestyles. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Miller, P. J., Ross, S. M., Emmerson, R. Y., & Todt, E. H. (1989). Self efficacy in alcoholics: Clinical validation of the Situational Confidence Questionnaire.Addictive Behaviors, 14, 217–229.
Rankin, H., Stockwell, T., & Hodgson, R. (1982). Personality and alcohol dependence.Personality and Individual Differences, 3, 145–151.
Selzer, M. L. (1971). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). The quest for a new diagnostic instrument.American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 1653–1658.
Sobell, M. B. (1990).Self management, motivation and problem drinkers. Workshop presented at the University of Queensland, January.
Thiagarajan, S. (1989). The role of efficacy expectations in the treatment of drug and alcohol problems. In B. E. Grenyer & N. Solovij (Eds.),National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Monograph 7, Cognitive-behavioural approaches to the treatment of drug and alcohol problems. Sydney: University of New South Wales.
Thurstone, L. L. (1947).Multiple factor analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Young, R. McD., & Knight, R. G. (1989). The Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire: A revised measure of alcohol related beliefs.Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 11, 99–112.
Young, R. McD., & Longmore, B. E. (1987).Alcohol related beliefs and treatment success. Paper presented to 7th Annual AMSAD Conference, Brisbane, August.
Young, R. McD., & Oei, T. P. S. (1989). Grape expectations: The role of outcome expectancies in the treatment of alcohol problems. In B. F. Grynyer & N. Solovij (Eds.),National Drug and Research Centre Monograph 7, Cognitive-behavioural approaches to the treatment of drug and alcohol problems. Sydney: University of New South Wales.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This paper was partly supported by grants from the NH&MRC to Dr. Oei.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Young, R.M., Oei, T.P.S. & Crook, G.M. Development of a drinking self-efficacy questionnaire. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 13, 1–15 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00960735
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00960735