Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Grain growth in synthetic marbles with added mica and water

  • Published:
Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Evolution of grain size in synthetic marbles was traced from compaction of unconsolidated powder, through primary recrystallization and normal grain growth, to a size stabilized by second phases. To form the marbles, reagent grade CaCO3 was mixed with 0, 1 and 5 volume% mica and heat-treated under pressure with added water. Densification with negligible recrystallization occurred within one hour at 500° C and 500 MPa confining pressure. Primary recrystallization occurred at 500–550° C, causing increases of grain size of factors of 2–5. Resulting samples had uniform grain size, gently curved grain boundaries, and near-equilibrium triple junctions; they were used subsequently for normal grain growth studies. Normal grain growth occurred above 550° C; at 800° C, grain size (D) increased from 7 μm (D 0) to 65 μm in 24 hours. Growth rates fit the equation, D n-D n0 =Kt, where K is a constant and n≃2.6. Minor amounts of pores or mica particles inhibit normal grain growth and lead to a stabilized grain size, D max, which depends on the size of the second phases and the inverse of their volume fraction raised to a power between 0.3 and 1. Once D max is reached, normal growth continues only if second phases are mobile or coarsen, or if new driving forces are introduced that cause unpinning of boundaries. Normal grain growth in Solnhofen limestone was significantly slower than in pure synthetic marble, suggesting that migration is also inhibited by second phases in the limestone.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen T (1981) Particle size measurement. Chapman and Hall, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Anand L, Gurland J (1975) The relationship between the size of cementite particles and the subgrain size in quenched-and-tempered steels. Metall Trans A 6A:928–931

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson MP, Srolovitz DJ, Grest GS, Sahni PS (1984) Computer simulation of grain growth — I. Kinetics. Acta Metall 32:783–791

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson TF (1969) Self-diffusion of carbon and oxygen in calcite by isotope exchange with carbon dioxide. J Geophys Res 74:3918–3932

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashby MF (1980) The influence of particles on boundary mobility. In: Hansen N, Jones AR, Leffers T (eds) Recrystallization and grain growth of multi-phase and particle containing materials. Proc 1st Risø Int Symp Metall Mater Sci, pp 325–336

  • Ashby MF, Centamore RMA (1968) The dragging of small oxide particles by migrating grain boundaries in copper. Acta Metall 16:1081–1092

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber DJ, Wenk HR (1973) The microstructure of experimentally deformed limestones. J Mater Sci 8:500–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber DJ, Wenk HR (1979) On geological aspects of calcite microstructure. Tectonophysics 54:45–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennison SJ, Harmer MP (1985) Grain-growth kinetics for alumina in the absence of a liquid phase. J Am Ceram Soc 66:C22-C24

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernabé Y, Brace WF, Evans B (1982) Permeability, porosity and pore geometry of hot-pressed calcite. Mech Mater 1:173–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Brook RJ (1976) Controlled grain growth. In: Wang FFY (ed) Treatise Mater Sci Technol, vol 9. Academic Press, New York, pp 331–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Buerger MJ (1930) Translation-gliding in crystals. Am Mineral 15:45–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Buerger MJ, Washken E (1947) Metamorphism of minerals. Am Mineral 32:296–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke JE, Turnbull D (1952) Recrystallization and grain growth. Prog Met Phys 3:220–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Caristan Y, Harpin RJ, Evans B (1981) Deformation of porous aggregates of calcite and quartz using the isostatic hot-pressing technique. Tectonophysics 78:629–650

    Google Scholar 

  • Chai BHT (1974) Mass transfer of calcite during hydrothermal recrystallization. In: Hofmann AW, Giletti BJ, Yoder HS Jr, Yund RA (eds) Geochem Transp Kinet. Carnegie Inst, Washington, pp 205–218

    Google Scholar 

  • Christie JM, Ord A (1980) Flow stress from microstructures of mylonites: example and current assessment. J Geophys Res 85:6253–6262

    Google Scholar 

  • Drury MR, Humphreys FJ, White SH (1985) Large strain deformation studies using polycrystalline magnesium as a rock analogue. Part II: dynamic recrystallization mechanisms at high temperatures. Phys Earth Planet Int 40:208–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards AB, Baker G (1944) Contact phenomena in the Morang Hills, Victoria. Proc R Soc Victoria 56:19–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Etheridge MA, Wilke JC (1979) Grain size reduction grain boundary sliding and the flow strength of mylonites. Tectonophysics 58:159–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans B, Rowan M, Brace WF (1980) Grain-size sensitive deformation of a stretched conglomerate from Plymouth, Vermont. J Struct Geol 2:411–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Exner HE (1972) Analysis of grain- and particle-size distributions in metallic materials. Int Metall Rev 17:25–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Gladman T (1966) On the theory of the effect of precipitate particles on grain growth in metals. Proc R Soc London 294A:298–309

    Google Scholar 

  • Goetze C, Kohlstedt DL (1977) The dislocation structure of experimentally deformed marble. Contrib Mineral Petrol 59:293–306

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood GW (1956) The growth of dispersed precipitates in solutions. Acta Metall 4:243–248

    Google Scholar 

  • Grest GS, Srolovitz DJ, Anderson MP (1985) Computer simulation of grain growth — IV. Anisotropic grain boundary energies. Acta Metall 33:509–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Griggs DT, Paterson MS, Heard HC, Turner FJ (1960) Annealing recrystallization in calcite crystals and aggregates. Mem — Geol Soc Am 79:21–37

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigor'ev DP (1965) Ontogeny of minerals. Isr Prog Sci Transl Jerusalem

  • Haroun NA, Budworth DW (1968) Modifications to the Zener formula for limitation of grain size. J Mater Sci 3:326–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Hay RS (1987) Chemically induced grain broundary migration and thermal grooving of calcite bicrystals. Ph D Thesis, Princeton Univ, Princeton, New Jersey

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellmann P, Hillert M (1975) On the effect of second-phase particles on grain growth. Scand J Metall 4:211–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Herdan G (1960) Small particle statistics. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs BE (1968) Recrystallization of single crystals of quartz. Tectonophysics 6:353–401

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs BE, Means WD, Williams PF (1976) An Outline of Structural Geology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu H, Rath BB (1970) On the time exponent in isothermal grain growth. Metall Trans 1:3181–3184

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsueh CH, Evans AG, Coble RL (1982) Microstructure development during final/intermediate stage sintering — I. Pore/grain boundary separation. Acta Metall 30:1269–1279

    Google Scholar 

  • Janczuk B, Chibowski E, Staszczuk P (1983) Determination of surface free energy components of marble. J Colloid Interface Sci 96:1–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Joesten R (1983) Grain growth and grain-boundary diffusion in quartz from the Christmas Mountains (Texas) contact aureole. Am J Sci 283-A:233–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Jurewicz SR, Watson EB (1985) The distribution of partial melt in a granitic system: The application of liquid phase sintering theory. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49:1109–1121

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller WD, Viele GW, Johnson CH (1977) Texture of Arkansas novaculite indicates thermally induced metamorphism. J Sediment Petrol 47:834–843

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingery WD, Bowen HK, Uhlmann DR (1976) Introduction to ceramics. 2nd ed. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kingery WD, Francois B (1965) Grain growth in porous compacts. J Am Ceram Soc 48:546–547

    Google Scholar 

  • Kronenberg AK, Yund RA, Giletti BJ (1984) Carbon and oxygen diffusion in calcite: effects of Mn content and PH2O. Phys Chem Miner 11:101–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Lay KW (1968) Grain growth in UO2-A12O3 in the presence of a liquid phase. J Am Ceram Soc 51:373–376

    Google Scholar 

  • Lifshitz IM, Slyozov VV (1961) The kinetics and precipitation from superheated solid solutions. J Phys Chem Solids 19:35–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisle RJ, Savage JF (1982) Factors influencing rock competence: Data from a Swedish deformed conglomerate. Geol Fören Stockholm Förh 104, Pt. 3:219–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Louat N (1983) The inhibition of grain-boundary motion by a dispersion of particles. Philos Mag A 47:903–912

    Google Scholar 

  • Nes E, Ryum N, Hunderi O (1985) On the Zener drag. Acta Metall 33:11–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Nichols FA (1966) Theory of grain growth in porous compacts. J Appl Phys 37:4599–4602

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielsen JP (1966) Some laws of grain growth. In: Recrystallization, grain growth and textures. ASM, Metals Park, Ohio, pp 286–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Olgaard DL (1985) Grain growth and mechanical processes in two-phased synthetic marbles and natural fault gouge. PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Olgaard DL, Evans B (1986) Effect of second-phase particles on grain growth in calcite. J Am Ceram Soc 69:C272-C277

    Google Scholar 

  • Poirier J-P, Guillopé M (1979) Deformation induced recrystallization of minerals. Bull Mineral 102:67–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson D (1971) The inhibiting effect of organic carbon on contact metamorphic recrystallization of limestones. Contrib Mineral Petrol 32:245–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenholtz JL, Smith DT (1949) Linear thermal expansion of calcite, var. Iceland spar and Yule marble. Am Mineral 34:846–854

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi G, Burke JE (1973) Influence of additives on the microstructure of sintered A12O3. J Am Ceram Soc 56:654–659

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter EH (1983) Experimental static recrystallization and grain growth of calcite. J Geol Soc London 140:161

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid SM, Boland JN, Paterson MS (1977) Superplastic flow in fine grained limestone. Tectonophysics 43:257–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Shewmon PG (1969) Transformations in metals. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner BJ (1966) Thermal expansion. In: Clark SP Jr (ed) Handbook of physical constants. Mem Geol Soc Am 97:75–96

  • Smith CS (1948) Grains, phases and interfaces: an interpretation of microstructure. Trans AIME 175:15–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Spry A (1969) Metamorphic Textures, Pergamon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Srolovitz DJ, Anderson MP, Grest GS, Sahni PS (1984) Computer simulation of grain growth — III. Influence of a particle dispersion. Acta Metall 32:1429–1438

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeuchi S, Argon AS (1976) Review: Steady-state creep of singlephase crystalline matter at high temperature. J Mater Sci 11:1542–1566

    Google Scholar 

  • Tullis J, Yund RA (1982) Grain growth kinetics of quartz and calcite aggregates. J Geol 90:301–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Underwood EE (1970) Quantitative stereology. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass

    Google Scholar 

  • Urai JL, Means WD, Lister GS (1986) Dynamic recrystallization of minerals. In: Mineral and Rock Deformation: Laboratory Studies — The Paterson Volume. Geophys Monogr Am Geophys Union 36:161–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner C (1961) Theorie der Alterung von Niederschlègen durch Umlösen, (Ostwald-Reifung). Z Elektrochem 65:581–591

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson DS, Cáceres CH (1984) An evaluation of available data for strain-enhanced grain growth during superplastic flow. J Mater Sci Lett 3:395–399

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson CJL (1979) Boundary structures and grain shape in deformed multi-layered polycrystalline ice. Tectonophysics 57:T19-T25

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong T-F, Brace WF (1979) Thermal expansion of rocks: some measurements at high pressure. Tectonophysics 57:95–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyllie PJ, Boettcher AL (1969) Liquidus phase relationships in the system CaO-CO2-H2O to 40 kilobars pressure with petrological applications. Am J Sci 267-A:489–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Yan MF, Cannon RM, Bowen HK (1977) Grain boundary migration in ceramics. In: Fulrath RM, Pask JA (eds) Cermaic microstructures-76. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo, pp 276–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Zener C (1948) Private communication to Smith CS, Grains, phases and interfaces: an interpretation of microstructure. Trans AIME 175:15–51

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. D. L. Olgaard

    Present address: Geologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA, USA

    D. L. Olgaard & B. Evans

Authors
  1. D. L. Olgaard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Evans
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Olgaard, D.L., Evans, B. Grain growth in synthetic marbles with added mica and water. Contrib Mineral Petrol 100, 246–260 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373591

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00373591

Keywords

Search

Navigation