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Immunoglobulin abnormalities in relatives of IgA deficient epileptics

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Summary

Serum levels of IgA were found to be reduced in some patients with epilepsy. Further studies revealed that only epileptics with constitutional factors for seizures showed, if ever, IgA deficiency, particularly those treated with hydantoins (up to 25%). In order further to substantiate the association of immunoglobulin alterations with epilepsy nine families in whom the disease was clustered were investigated. An IgA deficiency was detected in 16 of the 19 epileptics (three without hydantoin medication), but in none of their 45 non-epileptic relatives. However, four of the relatives had a low IgM. Seven other families were tested in each of which only one IgA deficient epileptic was known. No other family members were found with a low IgA, but 24 of 58 such relatives had increased IgM serum concentrations. The association of IgA deficiency and epilepsy with IgM imbalances in relatives of IgA deficient epileptics gives additional support for the hypothesis that immune imbalances and certain forms of epilepsy might be linked.

Zusammenfassung

Bei Patienten mit Anfalleiden wurden verminderte Serum-IgA-Konzentrationen festgestellt. Weitere Studien zeigten, daß tiefe IgA-Werte vor allem bei Patienten (bis 25%) nachweisbar sind, die unter Hydantoinmedikation stehen und bei denen entweder eine familiäre Häufung von Anfalleiden oder anderen ins Gewicht fallenden konstitutionellen Faktoren bekannt sind. Um mehr Informationen über die Beziehung des IgA-Mangels zur konstitutionell erhöhten cerebralen Anfallbereitschaft zu erhalten, wurden 9 Familien mit jeweils mehreren Anfallkranken untersucht: 16 von 19 (84%) Patienten (drei davon ohne Hydantoinbehandlung) zeigten einen IgA-Mangel, welcher bei 45 anfallfreien Angehörigen nicht nachweisbar war; hingegen hatten vier dieser Verwandten nicht meßbare IgM-Serumkonzentrationen.

Die Untersuchung weiterer 7 Familien mit jeweils nur einem Anfallkranken mit IgA-Mangel brachte bei 58 Angehörigen keine weiteren IgA-Mangelzustände, hingegen bei 24 Personen hohe IgM-Serumkonzentrationen. Die familiäre Häufung von IgA-Mangel und Anfalleiden sowie von abnormen IgM-Serumkonzentrationen bei anfallfreien Angehörigen unterstützen die Hypothese, daß eine Assoziation von Immunstörungen und bestimmten Formen der Epilepsie besteht.

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Supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant number 3.077-0.76)

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Fontana, A., Grob, P.J. & Sauter, R. Immunoglobulin abnormalities in relatives of IgA deficient epileptics. J. Neurol. 217, 207–212 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00312963

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