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Current status of drug therapies for osteoporosis and the search for stem cells adapted for bone regenerative medicine

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Abstract

A number of factors can lead to bone disorders such as osteoporosis, in which the balance of bone resorption vs. bone formation is upset (i.e., more bone is resorbed than is formed). The result is a loss of bone mass, with a concomitant decrease in bone density. Drugs for osteoporosis can be broadly classified as “bone resorption inhibitors”, which impede bone resorption by osteoclasts, and “bone formation accelerators”, which augment bone formation by osteoblasts. Here, we describe representative drugs in each class, i.e., the bisphosphonates and the parathyroid hormone. In addition, we introduce two novel bone formation accelerators, SST-VEDI and SSH-BMI, which are currently under investigation by our research group. On the other hand, regenerative therapy, characterized by (ideally) the use of a patient’s own cells to regenerate lost tissue, is now a matter of global interest. At present, candidate cell sources for regenerative therapy include embryonic stem cells (created from embryos based on the fertilization of oocytes), induced pluripotent stem cells (created artificially by using somatic cells as the starting material), and somatic stem cells (found in the tissues of the adult body). This review summarizes the identifying features and the therapeutic potential of each of these stem cell types for bone regenerative medicine. Although a number of different kinds of somatic stem cells have been reported, we turn our attention toward two that are of particular interest for prospective applications in bone repair: the dedifferentiated fat cell, and the deciduous dental pulp-derived stem cell.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by grants from A-STEP; Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through target-driven R&D (Exploratory Research).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan

    Yoshikazu Mikami & Kazuo Komiyama

  2. Department of Functional Morphology, Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchikami-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan

    Taro Matsumoto

  3. Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-8510, Japan

    Koichiro Kano

  4. Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan

    Masanori Somei

  5. Department of Anatomy, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan

    Yoshikazu Mikami, Taku Toriumi & Masaki J. Honda

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  1. Yoshikazu Mikami
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  2. Taro Matsumoto
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  3. Koichiro Kano
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  7. Kazuo Komiyama
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Correspondence to Yoshikazu Mikami.

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Mikami, Y., Matsumoto, T., Kano, K. et al. Current status of drug therapies for osteoporosis and the search for stem cells adapted for bone regenerative medicine. Anat Sci Int 89, 1–10 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-013-0208-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-013-0208-8

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