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Cardiovascular and Psychological Reactivity and Recovery from Harassment in a Biracial Sample of High and Low Hostile Men and Women

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Abstract

Background

This study emphasizes the importance of studying the emotional, motivational, and cognitive characteristics accompanying and the potential hemodynamic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from interpersonal conflict.

Purpose

The relation of dispositional hostility to cardiovascular reactivity during a frustrating anagram task and post-task recovery was investigated.

Methods

The sample was composed of 99 healthy participants (age, 18–30 years; 53% women; 51% Caucasian; 49% African American)—half randomly assigned to a harassment condition. High and low hostility groups were created by a median split specific to sex and race subgroup score distributions on the Cook–Medley Hostility Scale. It was hypothesized that hostility would interact with harassment such that harassed, high hostile individuals would display the greatest cardiovascular and emotional reactivity and slowest recovery of the four groups. Participants completed a 10-min baseline, a 6-min anagram task, and a 5-min recovery period with blood pressure, heart rate, pre-ejection period, stroke index, cardiac index, and total peripheral resistance index measured.

Results

Harassed participants displayed significantly greater cardiovascular responses and lower positive affect to the task and slower systolic blood pressure (SBP) recovery than did nonharassed participants. The high hostile group, irrespective of harassment, showed blunted cardiovascular responses during the task and delayed SBP recovery than the low hostile group.

Conclusion

Although the predicted interaction between hostility and harassment was not supported in the context of cardiovascular responses, such an interaction was observed in the context of blame attributions, whereby harassed hostile participants were found to blame others for their task performance than the other subgroups.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 825 Fairfax Avenue, 731 HH, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA

    Serina A. Neumann

  2. University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Serina A. Neumann, Karl J. Maier, Jessica P. Brown, Paul P. Giggey, Denise C. Cooper, Stephen J. Synowski, Layne A. Goble & Shari R. Waldstein

  3. Salisbury State University, Salisbury, MD, USA

    Karl J. Maier

  4. University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Denise C. Cooper

  5. Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

    Edward C. Suarez

  6. University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Jessica P. Brown & Shari R. Waldstein

  7. Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Shari R. Waldstein

Authors
  1. Serina A. Neumann
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  2. Karl J. Maier
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  3. Jessica P. Brown
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  4. Paul P. Giggey
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  5. Denise C. Cooper
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  6. Stephen J. Synowski
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  7. Layne A. Goble
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  8. Edward C. Suarez
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  9. Shari R. Waldstein
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Serina A. Neumann.

Additional information

This research was conducted at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Serina A. Neumann, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School; Karl J. Maier, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Salisbury University; Jessica P. Brown, Epidemiology of Aging Postdoctoral Fellow, Division of Gerontology, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Denise C. Cooper, Postdoctoral Fellow, University of California, San Diego; Steve J. Synowski, Ph.D, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Division of Human Virology; Layne A. Goble, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Edward C. Suarez, Associate Professor, Medical Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center; Shari R. Waldstein, Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine; and Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center. This research was supported, in part, by the National Institutes of Health Grant R29 AG15112.

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Neumann, S.A., Maier, K.J., Brown, J.P. et al. Cardiovascular and Psychological Reactivity and Recovery from Harassment in a Biracial Sample of High and Low Hostile Men and Women. Int.J. Behav. Med. 18, 52–64 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-010-9110-0

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