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T regulatory (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes in thyroid autoimmunity

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Abstract

Different immune cell subsets have a relevant role in the pathogenesis of and tissue damage seen in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes and T helper (Th) 17 cells. There are several types of CD4+ Treg cells (Foxp3+, CD69+, Tr1), which are able to prevent the appearance of autoimmune diseases, down regulating the immune response and the inflammatory phenomenon. However, despite their presence in peripheral blood and thyroid tissue from patients with AITD, these cells are apparently unable to put down the autoimmune process. Moreover, many reports indicate the involvement of Th17 cells in chronic inflammatory diseases, including AITD. Nevertheless, it is now evident that these lymphocytes show a remarkable plasticity, giving rise to anti-inflammatory (including Treg lymphocytes) and pro-inflammatory cell subtypes. Nowadays, both Treg and Th17 cells must be considered as key elements in the pathogenesis of AITD as well as plausible potential targets for the next generation of therapeutic options of this condition.

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Abbreviations

Abs:

Antibodies

mAb:

Monoclonal antibodies

Tfh:

T follicular helper

Treg:

T regulatory

Th:

T helper

AITD:

Autoimmune thyroid diseases

IL-:

Interleukin

IFN:

Interferon

TG:

Thyroglobulin

TPO:

Thyroperoxidase

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

GO:

Graves’ ophthalmopathy

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the following grants: 95395 from the Fondo de Cooperación Internacional en Ciencia y Tecnología (FONCICYT-European Union, México, to R.G.-A.); PI13-01414 and PIE-0041 BIOIMID from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria—Instituto de Salud Carlos III (to M.M.), and S2011/BMD-2328 TIRONET from the Comunidad de Madrid (to M.M.).

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  1. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Roberto González-Amaro

  2. Center for Applied Research in Health and Biomedicine, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Roberto González-Amaro

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    Mónica Marazuela

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  1. Roberto González-Amaro
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Correspondence to Mónica Marazuela.

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González-Amaro, R., Marazuela, M. T regulatory (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes in thyroid autoimmunity. Endocrine 52, 30–38 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-015-0759-7

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