Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Organ Transplantation in HIV Patients: Current Status and New Directions

  • Transplant and Oncology (M Ison and N Theodoropoulos, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Infectious Disease Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Combination antiretroviral therapy has resulted in longer life expectancies in persons living with HIV; however, end organ disease and death from organ failure have become growing issues for this population. With effective therapies for viral suppression, HIV is no longer considered an absolute contraindication to organ transplantation. Over the past decade, studies of transplantation in patients with HIV have had encouraging results such that patients with organ failure are pursuing transplantation. This review focuses on the current status of organ transplantation for HIV-infected persons.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Palella Jr FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:853–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bickel M, Marben W, Betz C, Khaykin P, Stephan C, Gute P, et al. End-stage renal disease and dialysis in HIV-positive patients: observations from a long-term cohort study with a follow-up of 22 years. HIV Med. 2013;14:127–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Abbott KC, Trespalacios FC, Agodoa LY, Ahuja TS. HIVAN and medication use in chronic dialysis patients in the United States: analysis of the USRDS DMMS Wave 2 study. BMC Nephrol. 2003;4:5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Norman SP, Kommareddi M, Kaul DR. Update on kidney transplantation in HIV-infected recipients. AIDS Rev. 2012;14:195–207.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Trullas JC, Mocroft A, Cofan F, Tourret J, Moreno A, Bagnis CI, et al. Dialysis and renal transplantation in HIV-infected patients: a European survey. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55:582–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kumar MS, Sierka DR, Damask AM, Fyfe B, McAlack RF, Heifets M, et al. Safety and success of kidney transplantation and concomitant immunosuppression in HIV-positive patients. Kidney Int. 2005;67:1622–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Ryom L, Kirk O, Lundgren J, Reiss P, Pedersen C, De Wit S, et al. Advanced chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease and renal death among HIV-positive individuals in Europe. HIV Med. 2013;14:503–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Atta MG, Fine DM, Kirk GD, Mehta SH, Moore RD, Lucas GM. Survival during renal replacement therapy among African Americans infected with HIV type 1 in urban Baltimore, Maryland. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1625–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Choi AI, Rodriguez RA, Bacchetti P, Volberding PA, Havlir D, Bertenthal D, et al. Low rates of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:1633–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Trullas JC, Cofan F, Barril G, Martinez-Castelao A, Jofre R, Rivera M, et al. Outcome and prognostic factors in HIV-1-infected patients on dialysis in the cART era: a GESIDA/SEN cohort study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;57:276–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Ryom L, Mocroft A, Kirk O, Worm SW, Kamara DA, Reiss P, et al. Association between antiretroviral exposure and renal impairment among HIV-positive persons with normal baseline renal function: the D:A:D study. J Infect Dis. 2013;207:1359–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Morlat P, Vivot A, Vandenhende MA, Dauchy FA, Asselineau J, Deti E, et al. Role of traditional risk factors and antiretroviral drugs in the incidence of chronic kidney disease, ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort, France, 2004-2012. PLoS One. 2013;8:e66223.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Zaidan M, Lescure FX, Brocheriou I, Dettwiler S, Guiard-Schmid JB, Pacanowski J, et al. Tubulointerstitial nephropathies in HIV-infected patients over the past 15 years: a clinico-pathological study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;8:930–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Abraham AG, Li X, Jacobson LP, Estrella MM, Evans RW, Witt MD, Phair J: Antiretroviral Therapy-Induced Changes in Plasma Lipids and the Risk of Kidney Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Men. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2013;10:1346–52.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lucas GM, Jing Y, Sulkowski M, Abraham AG, Estrella MM, Atta MG, Fine DM, Klein MB, Silverberg MJ, Gill MJ, et al.: Hepatitis C viremia and the risk of chronic kidney disease in HIV-infected individuals. J Infect Dis 2013;208:1240-9.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mocroft A, Neuhaus J, Peters L, Ryom L, Bickel M, Grint D, et al. Hepatitis B and C co-infection are independent predictors of progressive kidney disease in HIV-positive, antiretroviral-treated adults. PLoS One. 2012;7:e40245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Stock PG, Roland ME, Carlson L, Freise CE, Roberts JP, Hirose R, et al. Kidney and liver transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a pilot safety and efficacy study. Transplantation. 2003;76:370–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. •• Stock PG, Barin B, Murphy B, Hanto D, Diego JM, Light J, et al. Outcomes of kidney transplantation in HIV-infected recipients. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2004–14. The authors present the outcomes of 150 HIV+ kidney recipients in a U.S. multicenter trial.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Touzot M, Pillebout E, Matignon M, Tricot L, Viard JP, Rondeau E, et al. Renal transplantation in HIV-infected patients: the Paris experience. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:2263–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Malat GE, Ranganna KM, Sikalas N, Liu L, Jindal RM, Doyle A. High frequency of rejections in HIV-positive recipients of kidney transplantation: a single center prospective trial. Transplantation. 2012;94:1020–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Mazuecos A, Fernandez A, Zarraga S, Andres A, Rodriguez-Benot A, Jimenez C, Gomez E, Paul J, Jimeno L, Fernandez C,et al.: High incidence of delayed graft function in HIV-infected kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2013;26:893-902.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mazuecos A, Fernandez A, Andres A, Gomez E, Zarraga S, Burgos D, et al. HIV infection and renal transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26:1401–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Blumberg EA, Rogers CC, Practice ASTIDCo. Human immunodeficiency virus in solid organ transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2013;13 Suppl 4:169–78.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gomez V, Fernandez A, Galeano C, Oliva J, Diez V, Bueno C, et al. Renal transplantation in HIV-infected patients: experience at a tertiary hospital in Spain and review of the literature. Transplant Proc. 2013;45:1255–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Muthukumar T, Afaneh C, Ding R, Tsapepas D, Lubetzky M, Jacobs S, et al. HIV-infected kidney graft recipients managed with an early corticosteroid withdrawal protocol: clinical outcomes and messenger RNA profiles. Transplantation. 2013;95:711–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Yoon SC, Hurst FP, Jindal RM, George SA, Neff RT, Agodoa LY, et al. Trends in renal transplantation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: an analysis of the United States renal data system. Transplantation. 2011;91:864–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Vivanco M, Friedmann P, Xia Y, Klair T, Marfo K, de Boccardo G,Greenstein S, Chapochnick-Friedmann J, Kinkhabwala M, Ajaimy M, et al.: Campath induction in HCV and HCV/HIV-seropositive kidney transplant recipients. Transpl Int 2013;26:1016-26.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tan HP, Kaczorowski DJ, Basu A, Khan A, McCauley J, Marcos A, et al. Living-related donor renal transplantation in HIV+ recipients using alemtuzumab preconditioning and steroid-free tacrolimus monotherapy: a single center preliminary experience. Transplantation. 2004;78:1683–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Sawinski D, Wyatt CM, Casagrande L, Myoung P, Bijan I, Akalin E, et al. Factors associated with failure to list HIV-positive kidney transplant candidates. Am J Transplant. 2009;9:1467–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Rodrigue JR, Paek MJ, Egbuna O, Waterman AD, Pavlakis M, Mandelbrot DA. Willingness to pursue live-donor kidney transplantation among waitlisted patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): a preliminary investigation. Transplantation. 2013;95:787–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Soriano V, Poveda E, Vispo E, Barreiro P. Hepatitis B in HIV-infected patients. Clin Liver Dis. 2013;17:489–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Soriano V, Vispo E, Fernandez-Montero JV, Labarga P, Barreiro P. Update on HIV/HCV coinfection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2013;10:226–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Ragni MV, Devera ME, Roland ME, Wong M, Stosor V, Sherman KE, et al. Liver transplant outcomes in HIV+ haemophilic men. Haemophilia. 2013;19:134–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Weber R, Sabin CA, Friis-Moller N, Reiss P, El-Sadr WM, Kirk O, et al. Liver-related deaths in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus: the D:A:D study. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:1632–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Soriano V, Puoti M, Garcia-Gasco P, Rockstroh JK, Benhamou Y, Barreiro P, et al. Antiretroviral drugs and liver injury. AIDS. 2008;22:1–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Palella Jr FJ, Baker RK, Moorman AC, Chmiel JS, Wood KC, Brooks JT, et al. Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;43:27–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Bica I, McGovern B, Dhar R, Stone D, McGowan K, Scheib R, et al. Increasing mortality due to end-stage liver disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;32:492–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Weber R, Ruppik M, Rickenbach M, Spoerri A, Furrer H, Battegay M, et al. Decreasing mortality and changing patterns of causes of death in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. HIV Med. 2013;14:195–207.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort C. Causes of death in HIV-1-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy, 1996-2006: collaborative analysis of 13 HIV cohort studies. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:1387–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Wada N, Jacobson LP, Cohen M, French A, Phair J, Munoz A. Cause-specific life expectancies after 35 years of age for human immunodeficiency syndrome-infected and human immunodeficiency syndrome-negative individuals followed simultaneously in long-term cohort studies, 1984-2008. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177:116–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Leone S, Gregis G, Quinzan G, Velenti D, Cologni G, Soavi L, et al. Causes of death and risk factors among HIV-infected persons in the HAART era: analysis of a large urban cohort. Infection. 2011;39:13–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Moreno A, Cervera C, Fortun J, Blanes M, Montejo E, Abradelo M, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of infections in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus-coinfected liver transplant recipients: a FIPSE/GESIDA prospective cohort study. Liver Transpl. 2012;18:70–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Anadol E, Beckebaum S, Radecke K, Paul A, Zoufaly A, Bickel M, et al. Orthotopic liver transplantation in human-immunodeficiency-virus-positive patients in Germany. AIDS Res Treat. 2012;2012:197501.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kemmer NM, Sherman KE. Liver transplantation trends in the HIV population. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56:3393–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Roland ME, Barin B, Carlson L, Frassetto LA, Terrault NA, Hirose R, et al. HIV-infected liver and kidney transplant recipients: 1- and 3-year outcomes. Am J Transplant. 2008;8:355–65.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Tateo M, Roque-Afonso AM, Antonini TM, Medja F, Lombes A, Jardel C, et al. Long-term follow-up of liver transplanted HIV/hepatitis B virus coinfected patients: perfect control of hepatitis B virus replication and absence of mitochondrial toxicity. AIDS. 2009;23:1069–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Terrault NA, Carter JT, Carlson L, Roland ME, Stock PG. Outcome of patients with hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections referred for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2006;12:801–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Cooper C, Kanters S, Klein M, Chaudhury P, Marotta P, Wong P, et al. Liver transplant outcomes in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis with synthetic cohort. AIDS. 2011;25:777–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Mindikoglu AL, Regev A, Magder LS. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on survival after liver transplantation: analysis of United Network for Organ Sharing database. Transplantation. 2008;85:359–68.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Coffin CS, Stock PG, Dove LM, Berg CL, Nissen NN, Curry MP, et al. Virologic and clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-HBV coinfected transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2010;10:1268–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. de Vera ME, Dvorchik I, Tom K, Eghtesad B, Thai N, Shakil O, et al. Survival of liver transplant patients coinfected with HIV and HCV is adversely impacted by recurrent hepatitis C. Am J Transplant. 2006;6:2983–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Duclos-Vallee JC, Feray C, Sebagh M, Teicher E, Roque-Afonso AM, Roche B, et al. Survival and recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. Hepatology. 2008;47:407–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Di Benedetto F, Tarantino G, De Ruvo N, Cautero N, Montalti R, Guerrini GP, et al. University of Modena experience in HIV-positive patients undergoing liver transplantation. Transplant Proc. 2011;43:1114–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. • Miro JM, Montejo M, Castells L, Rafecas A, Moreno S, Aguero F, et al. Outcome of HCV/HIV-coinfected liver transplant recipients: a prospective and multicenter cohort study. Am J Transplant. 2012;12:1866–76. The authors report the outcomes of 84 HIV–HCV coinfected liver recipients, as compared with HCV monoinfected control group.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. • Terrault NA, Roland ME, Schiano T, Dove L, Wong MT, Poordad F, et al. Outcomes of liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. Liver Transpl. 2012;18:716–26. The authors demonstrate lower survival of 89 HIV–HCV coinfected liver recipients, as compared with HCV-monoinfected patients.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Chin-Hong P, Beatty G, Stock P. Perspectives on liver and kidney transplantation in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2013;27:459–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Toso C, Berney T, Oberholzer J, Chave JP, Martin PY, Zeender E, et al. Kidney-pancreas transplantation in a long-term non-progressor HIV-infected recipient. Am J Transplant. 2003;3:631–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Dalla Gasperina D, Tozzi M, Astuti N, Balsamo ML, Donati D, Rossi A, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis in an HIV- and hepatitis C virus-coinfected kidney-pancreas transplant recipient: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2011;43:1206–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Akhtar MZ, Patel N, Devaney A, Sinha S, Shankar S, Vaidya A, et al. Simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation in the HIV-positive patient. Transplant Proc. 2011;43:3903–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Grossi PA, Righi E, Gasperina DD, Donati D, Tozzi M, Mangini M, et al. Report of four simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants in HIV-positive recipients with favorable outcomes. Am J Transplant. 2012;12:1039–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hayes K, Van Sickels N, Buell J, Killackey M, Zhang R, Slakey D, et al. Successful transplantation of HIV patients: the Louisiana experience. J La State Med Soc. 2012;164:191–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Miro JM, Ricart MJ, Trullas JC, Cofan F, Cervera C, Brunet M, et al. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in HIV-infected patients: a case report and literature review. Transplant Proc. 2010;42:3887–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Genzini T, Noujaim HM, Mota LT, Crescentini F, Antunes I, Di Jura VL, et al. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive recipient: a case report. Transplant Proc. 2010;42:591–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Jahangiri B, Haddad H. Cardiac transplantation in HIV-positive patients: are we there yet? J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26:103–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Boccara F, Lang S, Meuleman C, Ederhy S, Mary-Krause M, Costagliola D, et al. HIV and coronary heart disease: time for a better understanding. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:511–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Calabrese LH, Albrecht M, Young J, McCarthy P, Haug M, Jarcho J, et al. Successful cardiac transplantation in an HIV-1-infected patient with advanced disease. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2323–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Bisleri G, Morgan JA, Deng MC, Mancini DM, Oz MC. Should HIV-positive recipients undergo heart transplantation? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003;126:1639–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Morgan JA, Bisleri G, Mancini DM. Cardiac transplantation in an HIV-1-infected patient. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:1388–9. author reply 1388-1389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Uriel N, Jorde UP, Cotarlan V, Colombo PC, Farr M, Restaino SW, et al. Heart transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009;28:667–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Boignard A, Blanc M, Chavanon O. High-urgency priority heart transplantation in HIV-positive patients on life support: breaking barriers? J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011;30:968–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Durante-Mangoni E, Maiello C, Sbreglia C. A European first: successful heart transplant in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive recipient. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011;30:845.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Krishan K, Pinney S, Anyanwu AC. Successful left ventricular assist device bridge to transplantation in a patient with end-stage heart failure and human immunodeficiency virus. Artif Organs. 2012;36:759.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Dizon SN, N; Han J, Yuzefpolskaya M, Restaino SW, Garan AR, Colombo PC, Takayama, H., Mancini, DM., Naka, Y., Jorde, UP, Uriel, N. et al.: [570] Cardiac allograft vasculopathy in HIV-infected patients. Presented at the ISHLT 33rd Annual Meeting & Scientific Sessions, Montreal, Canada - April 24-27, 2013. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013;32:S210.

  74. Brucato A, Colombo T, Bonacina E, Orcese C, Vago L, Oliva F, et al. Fulminant myocarditis during HIV seroconversion: recovery with temporary left ventricular mechanical assistance. Ital Heart J. 2004;5:228–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Sims DB, Uriel N, Gonzalez-Costello J, Deng MC, Restaino SW, Farr MA, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus infection and left ventricular assist devices: a case series. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011;30:1060–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Mehmood S, Blais D, Martin S, Sai-Sudhakar C. Heartmate XVE destination therapy for end-stage heart failure in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009;9:909–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Fieno DS, Czer LS, Schwarz ER, Simsir S. Left ventricular assist device placement in a patient with end-stage heart failure and human immunodeficiency virus. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009;9:919–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Uriel NC, PC, Yuzefpolskaya M, Restaino SW, Nahumi N, Han J, Thomas SS, Garan, AR.,Takayama HM, DM, Naka, Y, Jorde, UP [371] Advanced Heart Failure Therapy in HIV Positive Patients: Do These Patients Get Equal Treatment?. Presented at the ISHLT 33rd Annual Meeting & Scientific Sessions, Montreal, Canada - April 24-27, 2013. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013;32:S142-143.

  79. Bertani A, Grossi P, Vitulo P, D'Ancona G, Arcadipane A, Nanni Costa A, et al. Successful lung transplantation in an HIV- and HBV-positive patient with cystic fibrosis. Am J Transplant. 2009;9:2190–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Grossi PA. Update in HIV infection in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2012;17:586–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. • van Maarseveen EM, Rogers CC, Trofe-Clark J, van Zuilen AD, Mudrikova T. Drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral and immunosuppressive agents in HIV-infected patients after solid organ transplantation: a review. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2012;26:568–81. A comprehensive review of the complex drug interactions that occur between antiretroviral and immunosuppressive agents.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Frassetto LA, Browne M, Cheng A, Wolfe AR, Roland ME, Stock PG, et al. Immunosuppressant pharmacokinetics and dosing modifications in HIV-1 infected liver and kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:2816–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Frassetto L, Baluom M, Jacobsen W, Christians U, Roland ME, Stock PG, et al. Cyclosporine pharmacokinetics and dosing modifications in human immunodeficiency virus-infected liver and kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2005;80:13–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Cousins D, Topping K, Lee V, Sweeney J, Lawton M. Successful tacrolimus treatment following renal transplant in a HIV-infected patient with raltegravir previously treated with a protease inhibitor based regimen. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2011;26:139–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Pulzer A, Seybold U, Schonermarck U, Stangl M, Habicht A, Bogner JR, et al. Calcineurin inhibitor dose-finding before kidney transplantation in HIV patients. Transpl Int. 2013;26:254–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Bickel M, Anadol E, Vogel M, Hofmann WP, von Hentig N, Kuetscher J, et al. Daily dosing of tacrolimus in patients treated with HIV-1 therapy containing a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor or raltegravir. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:999–1004.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents. Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-1-infected adults and adolescents. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/AdultandAdolescentGL.pdf. Section accessed September 10, 2013.

  88. Moreno A, Perez-Elias MJ, Casado JL, Fortun J, Barcena R, Quereda C, et al. Raltegravir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy has beneficial effects on the renal function of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients after solid organ transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2010;16:530–2.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Tricot L, Teicher E, Peytavin G, Zucman D, Conti F, Calmus Y, et al. Safety and efficacy of raltegravir in HIV-infected transplant patients cotreated with immunosuppressive drugs. Am J Transplant. 2009;9:1946–52.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Heidenhain C, Puhl G, Moench C, Lautem A, Neuhaus P. Chemokine receptor 5Delta32 mutation reduces the risk of acute rejection in liver transplantation. Ann Transplant. 2009;14:36–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Fischereder M, Luckow B, Hocher B, Wuthrich RP, Rothenpieler U, Schneeberger H, et al. CC chemokine receptor 5 and renal-transplant survival. Lancet. 2001;357:1758–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Haim-Boukobza S, Balabanian K, Teicher E, Bourgeade M, Perlemuter G, Roque-Afonso AM, et al. Blockade of CCR5 to protect the liver graft in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. J Hepatol. 2013;59:613–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Strieter RM, Belperio JA. Chemokine receptor polymorphism in transplantation immunology: no longer just important in AIDS. Lancet. 2001;357:1725–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gilliam BL, Riedel DJ, Redfield RR. Clinical use of CCR5 inhibitors in HIV and beyond. J Transl Med. 2011;9 Suppl 1:S9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Stallone G, Schena A, Infante B, Di Paolo S, Loverre A, Maggio G, et al. Sirolimus for Kaposi's sarcoma in renal-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1317–23.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Heredia A, Latinovic O, Gallo RC, Melikyan G, Reitz M, Le N, et al. Reduction of CCR5 with low-dose rapamycin enhances the antiviral activity of vicriviroc against both sensitive and drug-resistant HIV-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105:20476–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Heredia A, Amoroso A, Davis C, Le N, Reardon E, Dominique JK, et al. Rapamycin causes down-regulation of CCR5 and accumulation of anti-HIV beta-chemokines: an approach to suppress R5 strains of HIV-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100:10411–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Di Benedetto F, Di Sandro S, De Ruvo N, Montalti R, Ballarin R, Guerrini GP, et al. First report on a series of HIV patients undergoing rapamycin monotherapy after liver transplantation. Transplantation. 2010;89:733–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Muller E, Kahn D, Mendelson M. Renal transplantation between HIV-positive donors and recipients. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:2336–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. •• Boyarsky BJ, Hall EC, Singer AL, Montgomery RA, Gebo KA, Segev DL. Estimating the potential pool of HIV-infected deceased organ donors in the United States. Am J Transplant. 2011;11:1209–17. The authors report the results of a study that estimates the potential pool of HIV+ organ donors.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

Conflict of Interest

Valentina Stosor declares no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Organ Transplantation and Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 645 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 900, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Valentina Stosor

Authors
  1. Valentina Stosor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Valentina Stosor.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stosor, V. Organ Transplantation in HIV Patients: Current Status and New Directions. Curr Infect Dis Rep 15, 526–535 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-013-0381-x

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-013-0381-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation