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Les enjeux de la communication médecin-patient et l’importance des caractéristiques psychologiques du médecin

Challenges in physician-patient communication and physicians psychological characteristics

  • Article Original / Original Article
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Psycho-Oncologie

« Pour se comprendre soi-même, on a besoin d’être compris par l’autre. Pour être compris par l’autre, on a besoin de comprendre l’autre »

Thomas Hora

Résumé

L’article se propose de rappeler que la médecine reste toujours à la fois une science exacte objective et une science subjective interpersonnelle humaine. En effet, quelle que soit l’explosion des découvertes scientifiques et l’organisation rationnelle des connaissances pour mettre en évidence un diagnostic, un pronostic et un traitement, ces découvertes scientifiques concernant les maladies doivent être mises au service du malade dans le cadre de la relation médecin-malade. Cette relation exige un mode de communication réciproque efficace et cohérent ne niant pas toute la dimension subjective des deux sujets en présence dans leur perception cognitive et émotionnelle du problème physiologique, en particulier la maladie cancéreuse. Une fois cette prise de conscience réalisée par le monde médical, se pose la question de la formation la plus adéquate pour améliorer le style de communication que nous adoptons avec nos patients. L’enjeu est d’importance, car nous savons qu’une communication claire et efficace, impliquant des questions ouvertes et des questions directives ouvertes, une écoute du patient, une reconnaissance de ses réactions émotionnelles et de ses attentes, a de nombreux effets positifs. Elle nous permet d’avoir une évaluation correcte de l’état du patient et donc de poser le diagnostic le meilleur possible. Elle permet aussi un climat de confiance garant d’une adhésion au traitement et d’une diminution de notre propre stress professionnel. La question des prédicteurs de l’acquisition de compétences en communication par les médecins a fait l’objet d’études empiriques. Via le concept de « lieu de contrôle » (LOC), l’article montrera que les médecins eux-mêmes ne sont pas tous les mêmes et ne sont pas égaux devant une formation à la communication. La reconnaissance de nos propres caractéristiques psychologiques nous permettra d’accroître l’efficacité des programmes de formation à la communication.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to remind that medicine is both an objective and a subjective interpersonal human science. Every scientific and medical progress as regards a disease diagnosis, treatment or prognosis has to be in the service of the patient in the frame of his relationship with his physician. Today, we know that this relationship is underlain by an effective and coherent reciprocal communication that acknowledges the subjectivity of both the patient and the physician, in their cognitive and emotional perception of the physiological problem. From this general point of view, arises the question of the best way to improve communication between physicians and patients suffering from cancer. This is crucial because we know today that an effective and a high-performance communication that implies assessments using both open and open directive questions, listening to and acknowledging patient’s emotional reactions and expectations could have numerous positive effects. For physicians, this communication allows having an effective assessment of patient’s state and breaking the diagnosis more appropriately. Moreover, this communication allows establishing a climate of trust able to promote patient adherence to treatment and to reduce health care professional stress. The question of predicting the acquisition of such effective communication skills by physicians has been the heart of empirical studies. Through the concept of “locus of control” (LOC), this paper shows that physicians are different when they learn communication skills. Results of this paper highlight that physicians’ acknowledgement of their own psychological characteristics could improve communication skills training programs’ effectiveness.

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Correspondence to Y. Libert.

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Cet article reprend en partie un texte paru dans Oncologie 2008; 2(4): 155–61.

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Libert, Y., Reynaert, C. Les enjeux de la communication médecin-patient et l’importance des caractéristiques psychologiques du médecin. Psycho Oncologie 3, 140–146 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11839-009-0139-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11839-009-0139-8

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