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Ausgewählte Ionenkanalerkrankungen des peripheren Nervensystems

Schmerzsyndrome und periphere Neuropathien

Selected ion channelopathies of the peripheral nervous system

Pain syndromes and peripheral neuropathies

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medizinische genetik

Zusammenfassung

Ionenkanalerkrankungen des peripheren Nervensystems können sich primär als Syndrome mit veränderter Schmerzwahrnehmung oder als periphere Neuropathien manifestieren. Von besonderem Interesse sind die Erkrankungen, die durch Mutationen im SCN9A-Gen verursacht werden, das für den spannungsabhängigen Natriumkanal Nav1.7 kodiert. Während Gain-of-function-Mutationen in SCN9A die erbliche Erythromelalgie und andere seltene Erkrankungen verursachen, die mit starken Schmerzattacken einhergehen, wurden SCN9A-Funktionsverlustmutationen bei Patienten mit kompletter angeborener Schmerzinsensitivität identifiziert. Diese Erkrankungen und die durch Mutationen in TRPV4 („transient receptor potential channel 4“) bedingten Neuropathien, wie skapuloperoneale spinale Muskelatrophie und Charcot-Marie-Tooth-Erkrankung 2C, verdeutlichen die klinische Relevanz der Fehlfunktion von Ionenkanälen nicht nur im zentralen, sondern auch im peripheren Nervensystem.

Abstract

Ion channel disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system can manifest as altered pain perception or neuropathy. Several of these diseases are caused by mutations of the SCN9A gene, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7. Whereas SCN9A gain of function mutations cause inherited erythromelalgia and other syndromes that are characterized by paroxysmal episodes of severe pain, loss of SCN9A function underlies congenital inability to experience pain. Together with the discovery of TRPV4 (“transient receptor potential channel 4”) mutations in scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy and Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2C, these data illustrate the central function of ion channels in diseases affecting not only the central but also the peripheral nervous system.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. G. Borck und C. Kubisch geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Correspondence to C. Kubisch.

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Borck, G., Kubisch, C. Ausgewählte Ionenkanalerkrankungen des peripheren Nervensystems. medgen 25, 448–453 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-013-0418-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-013-0418-4

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