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A plea for the use of copepods in freshwater ecotoxicology

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Abstract

Standard species used in ecological risk assessment are chosen based on their sensitivity to various toxicants and the ease of rearing them for laboratory experiments. However, this mostly overlooks the fact that species in the field that may employ variable life-history strategies, which may have consequences concerning the vulnerability of such species to exposure with contaminants. We aimed to highlight the importance of copepods in ecology and to underline the need to include freshwater copepods in ecotoxicology. We carried out a literature search on copepods and Daphnia in ecology and ecotoxicology to compare the recognition given to these two taxa in these respective fields. We also conducted a detailed analysis of the literature on copepods and their current role in ecotoxicology to characterize the scale and depth of the studies and the ecotoxicological information therein. The literature on the ecology of copepods outweighed that in ecotoxicology when compared with daphnids. Copepods, like other zooplankton, were found to be sensitive to toxicants and important organisms in aquatic ecosystems. The few studies that were conducted on the ecotoxicology of copepods mainly focused on marine copepods. However, very little is known about the ecotoxicology of freshwater copepods. To enable a more realistic risk higher tier environmental risk assessment, we recommend considering freshwater copepods as part of the hazard assessment process. This could include the establishment of laboratory experiments to analyse the effects of toxicants on copepods and the development of individual-based models to extrapolate effects across species and scenarios.

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Acknowledgments

This research has been financially supported by the European Union under the 7th Framework Programme (project acronym CREAM, contract number PITN-GA-2009-238148). The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to improve the quality of this paper.

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  1. Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Devdutt Kulkarni, Hans Toni Ratte & Thomas G. Preuss

  2. Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392, Schmallenberg, Germany

    Udo Hommen

  3. Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark

    André Gergs

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  1. Devdutt Kulkarni
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Kulkarni, D., Gergs, A., Hommen, U. et al. A plea for the use of copepods in freshwater ecotoxicology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 75–85 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1117-4

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