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Proton NMR quantitative profiling for quality assessment of greenhouse-grown tomato fruit

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Abstract

Tomato is an essential crop in terms of economic importance and nutritional quality. In France, the third most important region for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production is Aquitaine where the major part of production is now grown soilless under greenhouse conditions with harvest from March to November. Tomato fruit quality at harvest is a direct function of its metabolite content at that time. The aim of this work was to use a global approach to characterize changes in the fruit organoleptic quality at harvest under commercial culture conditions during an entire season for two varieties and two different fertilization practices (with or without recycling of the nutrient solution) for one variety. Absolute quantification data of 32 major compounds in fruit without seeds were obtained through untargeted (proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 1H-NMR) quantitative profiling. These data were complemented by colorimetric analysis of ascorbate and total phenolics. They were analyzed with chemometric approaches. Principal component analysis (PCA) or partial least square analyses (PLS) revealed more discriminant metabolites for season than for variety and showed that nutrient solution recycling had very little effect on fruit composition. These tendencies were confirmed with univariate analyses. 1H-NMR profiling complemented with colorimetric analyses therefore provided a diagnostic tool to follow the changes in organoleptic and nutritional quality of tomato. In addition the quantitative information generated will help to increase our knowledge on the mechanisms of plant response to environmental modifications.

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Abbreviations

AEAC:

Ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity

DW:

Dry weight

EC:

Electroconductivity

HCA:

Hierarchical clustering analysis

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PCA:

Principal component analysis

PLS:

Partial least square regression

TSP:

(Trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. C. Chevalier for critical reading of the manuscript, C. Favet and the Hortis Aquitaine team for taking care of the plants, Dr. P. Vivin for access to WINDAS software, C. Rolin for language corrections and Région Aquitaine for partial funding of the project (Project No. 20051303006ABC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UMR619 Biologie du Fruit, IFR103 BVI, BP 81, 33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Catherine Deborde, Pierre Baldet, Stéphane Bernillon, Benoît Biais & Annick Moing

  2. Plateforme Métabolome-Fluxome de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, IFR103 BVI, BP 81, 33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Catherine Deborde, Mickaël Maucourt, Stéphane Bernillon & Benoît Biais

  3. Université de Bordeaux, UMR619 Biologie du Fruit, 33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Mickaël Maucourt & Dominique Rolin

  4. Hortis Aquitaine, 47110, Sainte Livrade, France

    Gilles Talon

  5. Département Universitaire des Sciences d’Agen, Université de Bordeaux, Avenue Michel Serres, 47000, Agen, France

    Carine Ferrand

  6. Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Bioinformatique de Bordeaux – Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux, France

    Daniel Jacob, Hélène Ferry-Dumazet & Antoine de Daruvar

  7. INRA, UMA1251, IFR103 BVI, BP 81, 33140, Villenave d’Ornon, France

    Daniel Jacob

  8. Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5800 Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique, 33405, Talence, France

    Antoine de Daruvar

  9. CNRS, UMR 5800 Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique, 33405, Talence, France

    Antoine de Daruvar

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  1. Catherine Deborde
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Correspondence to Catherine Deborde.

Electronic supplementary material

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The NMR spectra of the dataset with associated metadata has been deposited into the Metabolomics Repository of Bordeaux MeRy-B (http://cbib.u-bordeaux2.fr/MERYB/public/PublicREF.php?REF=T04001) (Accession Project: T04001).

Tables with the experimentally determined concentrations of metabolites measured from the 188 1H-NMR spectra of the studied extracts are available in the online version of this article. Detailed description of Figs. 5 and 7 are presented in Supplementary Data comments Fig. 5 and Supplementary Data comments Fig. 7.

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Deborde, C., Maucourt, M., Baldet, P. et al. Proton NMR quantitative profiling for quality assessment of greenhouse-grown tomato fruit. Metabolomics 5, 183–198 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-008-0134-2

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