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Fabrication, Characterisation and Tribological Investigation of Artificial Skin Surface Lipid Films

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Abstract

This article deals with the tribology of lipid coatings that resemble those found on human skin. In order to simulate the lipidic surface chemistry of human skin, an artificial sebum formulation that closely resembles human sebum was spray-coated onto mechanical skin models in physiologically relevant concentrations (5–100 μg/cm2). Water contact angles and surface free energies (SFEs) showed that model surfaces with ≤25 μg/cm2 lipids appropriately mimic the physico-chemical properties of dry, sebum-poor skin regions. In friction experiments with a steel ball, lipid-coated model surfaces demonstrated lubrication effects over a wide range of sliding velocities and normal loads. In friction measurements on model surfaces as a function of lipid-film thickness, a clear minimum in the friction coefficient (COF) was observed in the case of hydrophilic, high-SFE materials (steel, glass), with the lowest COF (≈0.5) against skin model surfaces being found at 25 μg/cm2 lipids. For hydrophobic, low-SFE polymers, the COF was considerably lower (0.4 for PP, 0.16 for PTFE) and relatively independent of the lipid amount, indicating that both the mechanical and surface-chemical properties of the sliders strongly influence the friction behaviour of the skin-model surfaces. Lipid-coated skin models might be a valuable tool not only for tribologists but also for cosmetic chemists, in that they allow the objective study of friction, adhesion and wetting behaviour of liquids and emulsions on simulated skin-surface conditions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their gratitude to Dr. A. Stefaniak (NIOSH, Morgantown), and Prof. P. W. Wertz (University of Iowa) for their valuable expertise and advice on the composition of artificial sebum. Thanks are due to Dr. S. Lee, D. Spori, E. Beurer (LSST, ETH Zürich), A. Lenz (Empa, St. Gallen), Dr. T. Skrivanek (Krüss, Hamburg) for technical support and helpful discussions, as well as A. Niederer (Empa, Dübendorf) for graphical design work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Protection and Physiology, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland

    L.-C. Gerhardt, A. Schiller & S. Derler

  2. Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    L.-C. Gerhardt & N. D. Spencer

  3. Laboratory for Advanced Fibres, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, St. Gallen, Switzerland

    B. Müller

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  1. L.-C. Gerhardt
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  2. A. Schiller
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  3. B. Müller
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Correspondence to S. Derler.

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Gerhardt, LC., Schiller, A., Müller, B. et al. Fabrication, Characterisation and Tribological Investigation of Artificial Skin Surface Lipid Films. Tribol Lett 34, 81–93 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-009-9411-0

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