Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Patterns of Sexuality Communication Between Preadolescents and Their Mothers and Fathers

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Child and Family Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to examine communication about sexual topics between preadolescents and their mothers and fathers. Participants were 135 African-American mothers, fathers, and their 9- to 12-year-old offspring. Each member of the triad completed a 10-item measure of communication about risk factors for sexual activity, sexual communication, and sexual risk prevention. A majority of parents and their preadolescents reported communication had occurred about most topics. Mothers and fathers were equally likely to communicate with sons whereas mothers were more likely to communicate with daughters than were fathers. Based on the study results, preadolescence may be the optimal time for parents to provide sexual risk prevention messages to their children before sexual behaviors are initiated.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ball, J., Pelton, J., Forehand, R., Long, N., & Wallace, S. (2004). Methodological overview of the Parents Matter! Program. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 13, 21–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control, Prevention. (2002). Trends in sexual risk behaviors among high school students—United States, 1991–2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 51, 856–859.

    Google Scholar 

  • Centers for Disease Control, Prevention. (2004). HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report, 2003 (Vol. 15, p. 12). Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darroch, J. E., Frost, J. J., Singh, S., & The Study Team. (2001). Teenage sexual and reproductive behavior in developed countries: Can more progress be made? New York: The Guttmacher Institute.

  • DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M., Crosby, R., Cobb, B. K., Harrington, K., & Davies, S. L. (2001). Parent-adolescent communication and sexual risk behaviors among African American adolescent females. The Journal of Pediatrics, 139, 407–412.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiIorio, C., Kelley, M., & Hockenberry-Eaton, M. (1999). Communication about sexual issues: Mothers, fathers, and friends. Journal of Adolescent Health, 24, 181–189.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiIorio, C., Pluhar, E., & Belcher, L. (2003). Parent-child communication about sexuality: A review of the literature from 1980–2002. Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention & Education for Adolescents & Children, 5, 7–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dittus, P. J., Jaccard, J., & Gordon, V. V. (1999). Direct and nondirect communication of maternal beliefs to adolescents: Adolescent motivation for premarital sexual activity. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 1927–1963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutra, R., Miller, K. S., & Forehand, R. (1999). The process and content of sexual communication with adolescents in two-parent families: Associations with sexual risk-taking behavior. AIDS and Behavior, 3, 59–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., Harris, W. A, Lowry, R., McManus, T., Chyen, D., Shanklin, S., Lim, C., Grunbaum, J., & Wechler, W. (2006). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2005. Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, 55(SS-5), 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, S. S., & Rosenthal, D. A. (2000). The effect of communication characteristics on family members’ perceptions of parents as sex educators. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10, 119–150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forehand, R., Miller, K. S., Armistead, L., Kotchick, B. A., & Long, N. (2004). The Parents Matter! Program: An introduction. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 13, 1–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guttmacher Institute. (2006). U.S. teenage pregnancy statistics national and state trends by race and ethnicity. New York: The Guttmacher Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, M. K., & Cooney, T. M. (1998). Patterns of parent-teen sexual risk communication: Implications for intervention. Family Relations, 47, 185–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, M. K., Jemmott, J. B., Jemmott, L. S., Braverman, P., & Fong, G. T. (2003). The role of mother-daughter sexual risk communication in reducing sexual risk behaviors among urban adolescent females: A prospective study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 98–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaccard, J., Dittus, P., & Gordon, V. (1998). Parent-adolescent congruency in reports of adolescent sexual behavior and in communications about sexual behavior. Child Development, 69, 247–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jaccard, J., Dodge, T., & Dittus, P. (2003). Maternal discussions about pregnancy and adolescents, attitudes toward pregnancy. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33, 84–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser Family Foundation. (1999). Kids ready to talk about today’s tough issues before their parents are: Sex, AIDS, violence and drugs/alcohol. Available: www.kff.org. Retrieved: May 12, 2005.

  • Karofsky, P., Zeng, L., & Kosorok, M. R. (2000). Relationship between adolescent-parental communication and initiation of first intercourse by adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 28, 41–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkman, M., Rosenthal, D. A., & Feldman, S. S. (2001). Freeing up the subject: Tension between traditional masculinity and involved fatherhood through communication about sexuality with adolescents. Culture, Health, & Sexuality, 3, 391–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirkman, M., Rosenthal, D. A., & Feldman, S. S. (2002). Talking to a tiger: Fathers reveal their difficulties in communicating about sexuality with adolescents. In S. S. Feldman & D. A. Rosenthal (Eds.), Talking sexuality: Parent-adolescent communication. No 97, in W. Damon (Series Ed.) New directions for child and adolescent development (pp. 57–74). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

  • Klein, J. D., Sabaratnam, P., Pazos, B., Auerbach, M. M., Havens, C. G., & Branch, M. J. (2005). Evaluation of the parents as primary sexuality educators program. Journal of Adolescent Health, 37, S95–S99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotchick, B. A., Dorsey, S., Miller, K. S., & Forehand, R. (1999). Adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior in single-parent ethnic minority families. Journal of Family Psychology, 13, 93–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefkowitz, E. S., Romo, L. F., Corona, R., Au, T. K, & Sigman, M. (2000). How Latino American and European adolescents discuss conflicts, sexuality, and AIDS with their mothers. Developmental Psychology, 36, 315–325.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leland, N., & Barth, R. (1993). Characteristics of adolescents who have attempted to avoid HIV and who have communicated with parents about sex. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8, 58–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, X., Feigelman, S., & Stanton, B. (2000). Perceived parental monitoring and health risk behaviors among urban low-income African-American children and adolescents. Society for Adolescent Medicine, 27, 43–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, B. C., Benson, B., & Galbraith, K. A. (2001). Family relationships and adolescent pregnancy risk: A research synthesis. Developmental Review, 21, 1–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, K. S., Forehand, R., & Kotchick, B. A., (1999). Adolescent sexual behavior in two ethnic minority samples: The role of family variables. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 85–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, K. S., Kotchick, B. A., Dorsey, S., Forehand, R., & Ham, A. N. (1998). Family communication about sex: What are parents saying and are their adolescents listening? Family Planning Perspectives, 30, 218–222 & 235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, K. S., Levin, M. L., Whitaker, D. J., & Xu, X. (1998). Patterns of condom use among adolescents: The impact of mother-adolescent communication. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1542–1544.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, L., O’Donnell, C. R., & Stueve, A. (2001). Early sexual initiation and subsequent sex-related risks among urban minority youth: The reach for health study. Family Planning Perspectives, 33, 268–275.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, L., Stueve, A., Wilson-Simmons, R., Dash, K., Agronick, G., & JeanBapstiste, V. (2006). Heterosexual risk behaviors among urban young adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 26, 87–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Sullivan, L., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F., & Watkins, B. X. (2001). Mother-daughter communication about sex among African American and Latino families. Journal of Adolescent Research, 16, 269–292.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pick S., & Palos, P. A. (1995). Impact of the family on the sex lives of adolescents. Adolescence, 30, 667–675.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raffaelli, M., Bogenschneider, K., & Flood, M. F. (1998). Parent-teen communication about sexual topics. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 315–333.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Romer, D., Black, M., Ricardo, I., Feigelman, S., Kaljee, L., Galbraith, J., et al. (1994). Social influences on the sexual behavior of youth at risk for HIV exposure. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 977–985.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, D. A., & Feldman, S. S. (1999). The importance of importance: Adolescents’ perceptions of parental communication about sexuality. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 835–851.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenthal, D., Senserrick, T., & Feldman, S. (2001). A typology approach to describing parents as communicators about sexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 30, 463–482.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, C. F., Ku, L., Rogers, S. M., Lindberg, L. D., Pleck, J. H., & Sonenstein, F. L. (1998). Adolescent sexual behavior, drug use, and violence: Increased reporting with computer survey technology. Science, 280, 867–873.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whalen, C. K., Henker, B., Hollingshead, J., & Burgess, S. (1996). Parent-adolescent dialogues about AIDS. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 343–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitaker, D. J., Miller, K. S., May, D. C., & Levin, M. L. (1999). Teenage partners’ communication about sexual risk and condom use: The importance of parent-teenager discussions. Family Planning Perspectives, 31, 117–121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This research was supported by Cooperative Agreement U64\CCU417720 from the CDC.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rex Forehand.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wyckoff, S.C., Miller, K.S., Forehand, R. et al. Patterns of Sexuality Communication Between Preadolescents and Their Mothers and Fathers. J Child Fam Stud 17, 649–662 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-007-9179-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-007-9179-5

Keywords

Navigation