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Which Executive Functioning Deficits Are Associated With AD/HD, ODD/CD and Comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD?

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Abstract

This study investigated (1) whether attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is associated with executive functioning (EF) deficits while controlling for oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), (2) whether ODD/CD is associated with EF deficits while controlling for AD/HD, and (3)~whether a combination of AD/HD and ODD/CD is associated with EF deficits (and the possibility that there is no association between EF deficits and AD/HD or ODD/CD in isolation). Subjects were 99~children ages 6–12 years. Three putative domains of EF were investigated using well-validated tests: verbal fluency, working memory, and planning. Independent of ODD/CD, AD/HD was associated with deficits in planning and working memory, but not in verbal fluency. Only teacher rated AD/HD, but not parent rated AD/HD, significantly contributed to the prediction of EF task performance. No EF deficits were associated with ODD/CD. The presence of comorbid AD/HD accounts for the EF deficits in children with comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD. These results suggest that EF deficits are unique to AD/HD and support the model proposed by R. A. Barkley (1997).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jaap Oosterlaan, Anouk Scheres & Joseph A. Sergeant

  2. Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081, BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jaap Oosterlaan

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  1. Jaap Oosterlaan
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  2. Anouk Scheres
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  3. Joseph A. Sergeant
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Correspondence to Jaap Oosterlaan.

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Oosterlaan, J., Scheres, A. & Sergeant, J.A. Which Executive Functioning Deficits Are Associated With AD/HD, ODD/CD and Comorbid AD/HD+ODD/CD?. J Abnorm Child Psychol 33, 69–85 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-005-0935-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-005-0935-y

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