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Clinical Characteristics, Demographics and Prognosis of Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning Syndrome

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Abstract

Background: Transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome also called Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy is defined as a syndrome consisting of stress induced apical ballooning of the left ventricle and normal coronary arteries. The majority of the published reports are case reports or case series with a small number of patients. The goal of this study was to perform statistical analysis of reported cases and case series in the literature in order to study demographic, clinical characteristics and prognosis of this syndrome.

Method: A PubMed search of the terms transient left ventricular apical ballooning, Tako-Tsubo, takotsubo, and apical cardiomyopathy was conducted for this study. All reports that contained information about individual patients were included in the statistical analysis.

Results: The majority of the patients were women (93.5%). Asians were the largest group (57.2%) followed by Caucasians (40%). The presentations mimics an acute myocardial infarction. The most frequent presenting symptom was chest pain (65.9%) followed by dyspnea (16.2%). ST elevation was the most common ECG abnormality (87.5%). Contrary to most reports, this is not a benign disease with complications occurring in 18.9% and death in 3.2%. The most common complication was shock followed by left ventricular thrombus formation and congestive heart failure.

Conclusion: Apical ballooning syndrome occurs most commonly in women and is associated with high complication rate. There are significant differences in presenting symptoms between race and gender which warrant further investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, USA

    Daniel Donohue MD & Mohammad-Reza Movahed MD, PhD (Assistant Clinical Professor, Director of Nuclear Cardiology)

  2. Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Drive, Bldg 53, Rm 100, Orange, CA, 92868-4080

    Mohammad-Reza Movahed MD, PhD (Assistant Clinical Professor, Director of Nuclear Cardiology)

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  1. Daniel Donohue MD
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Correspondence to Mohammad-Reza Movahed MD, PhD.

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Donohue, D., Movahed, MR. Clinical Characteristics, Demographics and Prognosis of Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning Syndrome. Heart Fail Rev 10, 311–316 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-005-8555-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-005-8555-8

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