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Energetic Charged Particles Above Thunderclouds

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Abstract

The French government has committed to launch the satellite TARANIS to study transient coupling processes between the Earth’s atmosphere and near-Earth space. The prime objective of TARANIS is to detect energetic charged particles and hard radiation emanating from thunderclouds. The British Nobel prize winner C.T.R. Wilson predicted lightning discharges from the top of thunderclouds into space almost a century ago. However, new experiments have only recently confirmed energetic discharge processes which transfer energy from the top of thunderclouds into the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space; they are now denoted as transient luminous events, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and relativistic electron beams. This meeting report builds on the current state of scientific knowledge on the physics of plasmas in the laboratory and naturally occurring plasmas in the Earth’s atmosphere to propose areas of future research. The report specifically reflects presentations delivered by the members of a novel Franco-British collaboration during a meeting at the French Embassy in London held in November 2011. The scientific subjects of the report tackle ionization processes leading to electrical discharge processes, observations of transient luminous events, electromagnetic emissions, energetic charged particles and their impact on the Earth’s atmosphere. The importance of future research in this area for science and society, and towards spacecraft protection, is emphasized.

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Acknowledgments

This review was prepared for a meeting at the French Embassy in London, November 17–18, 2011, to establish a novel Franco-British collaboration centred on the satellite TARANIS. The invitees are grateful to the French Embassy for sponsoring and hosting this meeting in the most professional way. MF is supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) under grant NE/H024921/1, ADRP is supported by the EPSRC under grant EP/G04239X/1. ChH acknowledges an ERC starting grant from the European Union.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK

    Martin Füllekrug

  2. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK

    Declan Diver

  3. Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace, 3A avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France

    Jean-Louis Pinçon & Jean-Baptiste Renard

  4. Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, John Anderson Building, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK

    Alan D. R. Phelps

  5. Laboratoire d’Energétique Moléculaire et Macroscopique, Combustion, CNRS, UPR 288, Grande voie des vignes, 92295, Châtenay-Malabry, France

    Anne Bourdon

  6. School of Physics and Astronomy North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK

    Christiane Helling

  7. Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Laboratoire de Géophysique, 91680, Bruyères le Châtel, France

    Elisabeth Blanc

  8. Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK

    Farideh Honary & Mike Kosch

  9. Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, 243 Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK

    R. Giles Harrison

  10. Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements/IRAP, 9 Av du Colonoel Roche, 31028, Toulouse Cedex 4, France

    Jean-André Sauvaud

  11. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    Mark Lester

  12. CAESAR Consultancy, 35 Millington Road, Cambridge, CB3 9HW, UK

    Michael Rycroft

  13. School of Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    Mike Kosch

  14. British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK

    Richard B. Horne

  15. Laboratoire d’Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France

    Serge Soula

  16. Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit (LSBB), UMS 3538 University of Nice, University of Avignon, CNRS, La Grande Combe, 84400, Rustrel, France

    Stéphane Gaffet

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Correspondence to Martin Füllekrug.

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Füllekrug, M., Diver, D., Pinçon, JL. et al. Energetic Charged Particles Above Thunderclouds. Surv Geophys 34, 1–41 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-012-9205-z

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