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Rust-proofing wheat for a changing climate

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Abstract

This paper offers projections of potential effects of climate change on rusts of wheat and how we should factor in a changing climate when planning for the future management of these diseases. Even though the rusts of wheat have been extensively studied internationally, there is a paucity of information on the likely effects of a changing climate on the rusts and their influence on wheat production. Due to the lack of published empirical research we relied on the few published studies of other plant diseases, our own unpublished work and relevant information from the vast literature on rusts of wheat to prepare this overview. Three broad areas of potential risks from a changing climate were described: increased loss from wheat rusts, new rust pathotypes evolving faster and the reduced effectiveness of rust resistances. Increased biomass of wheat crops grown in the presence of elevated CO2 concentrations and higher temperatures will increase the leaf area available for attack by the pathogen leading to increased inoculum production. If changed weather conditions were to accelerate the life cycle of a pathogen, the increased inoculum can lead to severe rust epidemics in many environments. Likewise should the effects of climate change result in more conducive conditions for rust development there will also be a corresponding increase in the rate of evolution of new pathotypes which could increase the rate of appearance of new virulences. The effectiveness of some rust resistance genes is influenced by temperature and crop development stage. Climate change may directly or indirectly influence the effectiveness of some resistance genes but this can not be ascertained due to a complete lack of knowledge. Since disease resistance breeding is a long term strategy it is important to determine if any of the important genes may become less effective due to climate change. Studies must be made to acquire new information on the rust disease triangle to increase the adaptive capacity of wheat under climate change. Leadership within the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) is needed to broker research on rust evolution and the durability of resistance under climate change.

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Acknowledgements

Technical and other assistance from Matthew Weinert, Paul Melloy, Rosanna Powell, Ross Perrott, Graham Exell, Johathan Bretag, Mark McLean, Russel Argall and Mahabubur Mollah is gratefully acknowledged. Co-investment from the Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, CSIRO Plant Industry and Victorian Department of Primary Industry in this research is gratefully acknowledged. The continuing AGFACE experiment is supported by the Grains Research and Development Corporation, the Victorian Department of Primary Industries, the University of Melbourne and the Australian Government Department of Climate Change.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIRO Plant Industry, 306 Carmody Road, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia

    Sukumar Chakraborty

  2. Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Knoxfield, Ferntree Gully Delivery Centre, Private Bag 15, Knoxfield, VIC, 3156, Australia

    Jo Luck

  3. Biosciences Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Private Bag 260, Horsham, VIC, 3401, Australia

    Grant Hollaway

  4. Future Farming Systems Research Division, Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, Private Bag 260, Horsham, VIC, 3401, Australia

    Glenn Fitzgerald

  5. Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, Innovation Centre, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, 2617, Australia

    Sukumar Chakraborty & Jo Luck

  6. Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, Agri-Science Queensland, 203 Tor St, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia

    Neil White

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Correspondence to Sukumar Chakraborty.

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Chakraborty, S., Luck, J., Hollaway, G. et al. Rust-proofing wheat for a changing climate. Euphytica 179, 19–32 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0324-7

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