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Overlapping biomarkers, pathways, processes and syndromes in lymphatic development, growth and neoplasia

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Abstract

Recent discoveries in molecular lymphology, developmental biology, and tumor biology in the context of long-standing concepts and observations on development, growth, and neoplasia implicate overlapping pathways, processes, and clinical manifestations in developmental disorders and cancer metastasis. Highlighted in this review are some of what is known (and speculated) about the genes, proteins, and signaling pathways and processes involved in lymphatic/blood vascular development in comparison to those involved in cancer progression and spread. Clues and conundra from clinical disorders that mix these processes and mute them, including embryonic rests, multicentric nests of displaced cells, uncontrolled/invasive “benign” proliferation and lymphogenous/hematogenous “spread”, represent a fine line between normal development and growth, dysplasia, benign and malignant neoplasia, and “metastasis”. Improved understanding of these normal and pathologic processes and their underlying pathomechanisms, e.g., stem cell origin and bidirectional epithelial-mesenchymal transition, could lead to more successful approaches in classification, treatment, and even prevention of cancer and a whole host of other diseases.

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Acknowledgments

MTD received funding from a Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Postdoctoral fellowship (W81XWH-10-1-0052). MHW, CP, FB thank the International Society of Lymphology whose practitioners and basic scientists around the world care for and explore the basis for these rare and more common clinical disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5200, USA

    Marlys H. Witte

  2. Department of Surgery & Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5325 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-8593, USA

    Michael T. Dellinger

  3. Department of Surgery (Pediatric), University del Salvador, 1 ADT. Angiopediatria, Catamarca 3179, 1636, Olivos, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Cristobal M. Papendieck

  4. Department of Surgery and Microsurgery, Unit of Lymphatic Surgery, S. Martino Hospital, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi 8, 16132, Genoa, Italy

    Francesco Boccardo

Authors
  1. Marlys H. Witte
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  2. Michael T. Dellinger
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  3. Cristobal M. Papendieck
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  4. Francesco Boccardo
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Correspondence to Marlys H. Witte.

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Witte, M.H., Dellinger, M.T., Papendieck, C.M. et al. Overlapping biomarkers, pathways, processes and syndromes in lymphatic development, growth and neoplasia. Clin Exp Metastasis 29, 707–727 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-012-9493-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10585-012-9493-1

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