Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Epidemiologische Evidenz zur Prävention des Prostatakarzinoms durch körperliche Aktivität

Epidemiological evidence for preventing prostate cancer by physical activity

  • review
  • Published:
Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Grundlagen

Kontroverse Ergebnisse aus früheren Reviews begründen die Notwendigkeit für ein aktuelles Review zur Frage der Risikoreduktion des Prostatakarzinoms durch körperliche Aktivität.

Methodik

Insgesamt 32 Kohortenstudien und 17 Fall-Kontroll-Studien wurden analysiert und zunächst bis 2001 und dann bis Anfang 2010 zusammengestellt. Gesondert ausgewertet wurden in einigen Arbeiten beschriebene Subgruppen mit aggressiven Karzinomen und das Auftreten über dem 65. Lebensjahr.

Ergebnisse

Im Mittel zeigten weder die früheren noch die Arbeiten aus den letzten 8 Jahren eine Risikoreduktion bei meist insuffizienter Ermittlung der Aktivität. In 7 Subgruppenanalysen bei aggressiven Formen zeigte sich eine positive intensitätsbezogene Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung für die Risikoreduktion, bei 3 Studien signifikant. Bei über 65-Jährigen zeigte sich in drei Studien eine Risikoreduktion bei höherem Aktivitätsumfang.

Schlussfolgerungen

Körperliche Aktivität in Freizeit oder Beruf bleibt ohne präventiven Effekt, Substantielle Hinweise für eine effektive Prävention aggressiver Formen finden sich für intensive körperliche Aktivität.

Summary

Background

Earlier reviews yielded contradictory results for reducing the risk of prostate cancer by physical activity.

Methods

32 Cohort studies and 17 case control studies taking the ones up to 2001 and the ones up to 2010 together. Additionally, subgroups from studies analyzing aggressive carcinomas and those after the age of 65 were presented separately.

Results

In the mean, no risk reduction was found in earlier and in studies from the last 8 years with mostly imprecisely measured activity. In 7 studies with subgroups on aggressive forms a positive dose response relationship was documented, being significant in 3 studies. The subgroup over 65 years with high amount of physical activity yielded a significant effect in 3 studies.

Conclusions

Physical activity in leisure and in work fails to be protective but substantial evidence exists for an effective prevention by intensive physical activity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Abb. 1
Abb. 2
Abb. 3
Abb. 4

Literatur

  1. Patel AV, Rodriguez C, Jacobs EJ, Solomon L, Thun MJ, Calle EE. Recreational physical activity and risk of prostate cancer in a large cohort of U.S. men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:275–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Friedenreich CM, Thune I. A review of physical activity and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12:461–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lee IM, Sesso HD, Paffenbarger RS. A prospective cohort study of physical activity and body size in relation to prostate cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Controll. 2001;12:187–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Thune I, Furberg AS. Physical activity and cancer risk: dose-response and cancer, all sites and site-specific. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33:609–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Torti DC, Matheson GO. Exercise and prostate cancer. Sports Med. 2004;34:363–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Lee IM. Physical activity and cancer prevention--data from epidemiologic studies. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35:1823–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. WCRF. Food/physical activity and prevention of cancer: a global perspective. World Cancer Research Fund/ American Institute for Cancer Research: Washington; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Johnsen NF, Tjønneland A, Thomsen BL, et al. Physical activity and risk of prostate cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Int J Cancer. 2009;125:902–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Moore SC, Peters TM, Ahn J, Park Y, Schatzkin A, Albanes D, et al. Age-specific physical activity and prostate cancer risk among white men and black men. Cancer. 2009;115:5060–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Orsini N, Bellocco R, Bottai M, et al. A prospective study of lifetime physical activity and prostate cancer incidence and mortality. Br J Cancer. 2009;101:1932–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bostwick DG, Liu L, Brawer MK, Qian J. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Rev Urol. 2004;6:171–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostatic cancer: I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate 1941. J Urol. 2002;168:9–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349:215–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, et al. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 362(13):1192–1202.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Giovannucci E, Leitzmann M, Spiegelman D, et al. A prospective study of physical activity and prostate cancer in male health professionals. Cancer Res. 1998;58:5117–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Friedenreich CM, McGregor SE, Courneya KS. Case-control study of lifetime total physical activity and prostate cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159:740–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu S, Lee IM, Linson P, Ajani U, Buring JE, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of physical activity and risk of prostate cancer in US physicians. Int J Epidemiol. 2000;29:29–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Moore SC, Peters TM, Ahn J, et al. Physical activity in relation to total, advanced, and fatal prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17:2458–66.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Eaton NE, Reeves GK, Appleby PN, Key TJ. Endogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer: a quantitative review of prospective studies. Br J Cancer. 1999;80:930–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Oliveria SA, Kohl III HW, Trichopoulos D, Blair SN. The association between cardiorespiratory fitness and prostate cancer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28:97–104.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Giovannucci EL, Liu Y, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. A prospective study of physical activity and incident and fatal prostate cancer. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1005–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Nilsen TIL, Romundstad PR, Vatten LJ. Recreational physical activity and risk of prostate cancer: a prospective population-based study in Norway (the HUNT study). Int J Cancer. 2006;119:2943–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Wiklund F, Lageros YT, Chang E, et al. Lifetime total physical activity and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in Sweden. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23:739–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Cerhan JR, Torner JC, Lynch CF, et al. Association of smoking, body mass, and physical activity with risk of prostate cancer in the Iowa 651 Rural Health Study (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 1997;8:229–38.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Albanes D, Blair A, Taylor PR. Physical activity and risk of cancer in the NHANES 1 population. Am J Public Health. 1989;79:744–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Krishnadasan A, Kennedy N, Zhao Y, Morgenstern H, Ritz B. Nested case-control study of occupational physical activity and prostate cancer among workers using a job exposure matrix. Cancer Causes Control. 2008;19:107–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ilic M, Vlajinac H, Marinkovic J. Case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 1996;74:1682–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Darlington GA, Kreiger N, Lightfoot N, Purdham J, Sass-Kortsak A. Prostate cancer risk and diet, recreational physical activity and cigarette smoking. Chronic Dis Can. 2007;27:145–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jian L, Shen ZJ, Lee AH, Binns CW. Moderate physical activity and prostate cancr risk: a case-control studie in China. Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20:155–160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. West DW, Slattery ML, Robison LM, French TK, Mahoney AW. Adult dietary intake and prostate cancer risk in Utah: a case-control study with special emphasis on aggressive tumors. Cancer Causes Control. 1991;2:85–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Yoshizawa CK. Lifetime occupational physical activity and prostate cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;133:103–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Lee IM, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hsieh CC. Physical activity and risk of prostatic cancer among college alumni. Am J Epidemiol. 1992;135:169–79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Littman AJ, Kristal AR, White E. Recreational physical activity and prostate cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2006;17:831–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Pierotti B, Altieri A, Talamini R, et al. Lifetime physical activity and prostate cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2005;114:639–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Villeneuve PJ, Johnson KC, Kreiger N, Mao Y. Risk factors for prostate cancer: results from the Canadian national enhanced cancer surveillance system. The Canadian cancer registries epidemiology research group. Cancer Causes Control. 1999;10:355–67.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Safarinejad MR, Azma K, Kolahi AA. The effects of intensive, long-term treadmill running on reproductive hormones, hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis, and semen quality: a randomized controlled study. J Endocrinol. 2009;200:259–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tsugane S, Inoue M. Insulin resistance and cancer: epidemiological evidence. Cancer Sci. 2010;101:1073–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Giovannucci E. Nutrition, insulin, insulin-like growth factors and cancer. Horm Metab Res. 2003;35:694–704.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Roddam AW, Allen NE, Appleby P, et al. Insulin like growth factors, their binding proteins, and prostate cancer risk: analysis of individual patient data from 12 prospective studies. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:461–71.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. McTiernan A, Ulrich CM, Yancey D, Slate S, et al. The Physical Activity for Total Health (PATH) study, rationale and design. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31:1307–12.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Clarke G, Whittemore AS. Prostate cancer risk in relation to anthropometry and physical activity: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiological Follow-Up Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000;9:875–81.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lacey JV Jr, Deng J, Dosemeci M, et al. Prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and physical activity in Shanghai, China. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30:341–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Norman A, Moradi T, Gridley G, et al. Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer nationwide cohort study in Sweden. British J Cancer. 2002;86:70–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Walker M. Physical activity and risk of cancer in middle-aged men. British J Cancer. 2001;85:1311–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Zeegers MP, Dirx MJ, Van Den Brandt PA. Physical activity and the risk of prostate cancer in the Netherlands cohort study, results after 9.3 years of follow-up. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005;14:1490–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Andersson SO, Baron J, Wolk A, Lindgren C, Bergstrom R, Adami HO. Early life risk factors for prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in Sweden. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4:187–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Jian L, Shen ZJ, Lee AH, Binns CW. Moderate physical activity and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study in China. Eur J Epidemiol. 2005;20:155–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Dosemeci M, Hayes RB, Vetter R, et al. Occupational physical activity, socioeconomic status, and risks of 15 cancer sites in Turkey. Cancer Causes Control. 1993;4:313–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Sung JF, Lin RS, Pu YS, Chen YC, Chang HC, Lai MK. Risk factors for prostate carcinoma in Taiwan: a case-control study in a Chinese population. Cancer. 1999;86:484–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Yu H, Harris RE, Wynder EL. Case-control study of prostate cancer and socioeconomic factors. Prostate. 1988;13:317–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Clemmensen IH. Physical activity and cancer. Thesis, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998.

  52. Hartman TJ, Albanes D, Rautalahti M, Tangrea JA, Virtamo J, Stolzenberg R, et al. Physical activity and prostate cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention Study (Finland). Cancer Causes Control. 1998;9:11–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hsing AW, McLaughlin JK, Zheng W, Gao YT, Blot WJ. Occupation, physical activity, and risk of prostate cancer in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. Cancer Causes Control. 1994;5:136–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Lund Nilsen TIL, Johnsen R, Watten LJ. Socio-economic and lifestyle factors associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2000;82:1358–63.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Hyde RT, Wing AL. Physical activity and incidence of cancer in diverse populations: a preliminary report. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;45:312–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Paffenbarger RS Jr, Lee IM, Wing AL. The influence of physical activity on the incidence of site-specific cancers in college alumni. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1992;322:7–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Polednak AP. College athletics, body size, and cancer mortality. Cancer. 1976;38:382–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Putnam SD, Cerhan JR, Parker AS, et al. Lifestyle and anthropometric risk factors for prostate cancer in a cohort of Iowa men. Ann Epidemiol. 2000;10:361–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Severson RK, Nomura AM, Grove JS, Stemmermann GN. A prospective analysis of physical activity and cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1989;130:522–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Steenland K, Nowlin S, Palu S. Cancer incidence in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 1. Follow-up data: diabetes, cholesterol, pulse and physical activity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995;4:807–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Thune I, Lund E. Physical activity and the risk of prostate and testicular cancer: a cohort study of 53,000 Norwegian men. Cancer Causes Control. 1994;5:549–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Vena JE, Graham S, Zielezny M, Brasure J, Swanson MK. Occupational exercise and risk of cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;45:318–27.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Brownson RC, Chang JC, Davis JR, Smith CA. Physical activity on the job and cancer in Missouri. Am J Public Health. 1991;81:639–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Crespo CJ, Garcia-Palmieri MR, Smit E, et al. Physical activity and prostate cancer mortality in Puerto Rican men. J Phys Act Health. 2008;5:918–29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Es besteht kein Interessenkonflikt.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung Sportmedizin, Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Silcherstr. 5, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland

    Hans-Christian Heitkamp & Ivan Jelas

Authors
  1. Hans-Christian Heitkamp
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ivan Jelas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hans-Christian Heitkamp.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Heitkamp, HC., Jelas, I. Epidemiologische Evidenz zur Prävention des Prostatakarzinoms durch körperliche Aktivität. Wien Med Wochenschr 162, 533–540 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-012-0121-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-012-0121-0

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords

Search

Navigation