Zusammenfassung
Typ 2 Diabetes ist eine komplexe Stoffwechselerkrankung, die unverändert mit einem zweifach erhöhtem kardiovaskulärem Sterberisiko assoziiert ist trotz der weitaus besseren Beeinflussung der kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren durch multifaktorielle Interventionsstragegien. Die intensivierte Blutzuckerkontrolle kann ebenfalls die kardiovaskulären Ereignisse reduzieren, wobei dieser Effekt aber auf jüngere Patienten mit kurzer Diabetesdauer, relativ niedrigem HbA1c-Ausgangswert und ohne kardiovaskuläre Vorerkrankugen beschränkt sein dürfte. Die intensivierte Blutzuckerkontrolle erhöht allerdings das Risiko für schwere Hypoglykämien um das 5-fache. Im Gegensatz zur Senkung von Blutdruck und Cholesterin, findet sich eine Senkung der kardiovaskulären Mortalität erst 10–20 Jahre nach dem Start der Blutzuckersenkung. Zukünftige Endpunktstudien an mehr als 50.000 Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes werden zeigen, ob neue antidiabetische Therapiestrategien die Prognose der Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes weiter verbessern können.
Summary
Type 2 diabetes is a rather complex metabolic disorder still associated with a 2-fold increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality despite a dramatic improvement in CV risk reduction by multifactorial intervention strategies. Intensive glucose control can also reduce CV morbidity, but this effect seems to be limited to younger patients with shorter duration of disease and no CV disease. Intensive glucose control – in particular when complex insulin strategies are used – is associated with a 5-fold increased risk for severe hypoglycemia, which could induce harm in some patients. In contrast to blood pressure and lipid-lowering interventions a reduction of CV mortality cannot be seen before 10–20 years after the start of the glucose-lowering intervention (metabolic memory, legacy effect). Future ongoing outcome studies in more than 50,000 patients will clarify whether new antidiabetic drugs – not inducing hypoglycemia or weight gain – will further improve the prognosis of T2DM patients.
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Schernthaner, G. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Is intensive glucose control beneficial or deadly? Lessons from ACCORD, ADVANCE, VADT, UKPDS, PROactive, and NICE-SUGAR. Wien Med Wochenschr 160, 8–19 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-010-0748-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-010-0748-7