Skip to main content
Log in

Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus during the 2009–2010 season in Latvia

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

For the first time, we studied molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children in Latvia. During the study period, ten unique group A and three group B strains were identified and assigned to a single genotype within each group—GA2 for group A and BA-IV for group B.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. Nair H, Nokes DJ, Gessner BD, Dherani M, Madhi SA, Singleton RJ, O’Brien KL, Roca A, Wright PF, Bruce N, Chandran A, Theodoratou E, Sutanto A, Sedyaningsih ER, Ngama M, Munywoki PK, Kartasasmita C, Simões EA, Rudan I, Weber MW, Campbell H (2010) Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 375:1545–1555

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Hall CB, Weinberg GA, Iwane MK, Blumkin AK, Edwards KM, Staat MA, Auinger P, Griffin MR, Poehling KA, Erdman D, Grijalva CG, Zhu Y, Szilagyi P (2009) The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. N Engl J Med 360:588–598

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Mufson MA, Örvell C, Rafnar B, Norrby E (1985) Two distinct subtypes of human respiratory syncytial virus. J Gen Virol 66:2111–2124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sullender WM (2000) Respiratory syncytial virus genetic and antigenic diversity. Clin Microbiol Rev 13:1–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Nikiforova R, Lucenko I, Zamjatina N (2011) Epidemiology Bulletin No 34. Infectology Center of Latvia, Riga

  6. Wright PF, Cutts FT (2000) Generic protocol to examine the incidence of lower respiratory infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in children less than five years of age: field test version. Department of Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  7. Martinello RA, Chen MD, Weibel C, Kahn JS (2002) Correlation between respiratory syncytial virus genotype and severity of illness. J Infect Dis 186:839–842

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Balmaks R, Kazaks A, Likopa Z, Grope I, Oskars R, Gardovska D (2011) A new tool for molecular monitoring of respiratory syncytial virus in children with lower respiratory tract infections. Riga Stradins University, Collection of Scientific Papers 2010, pp 100–105

  9. Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG (2007) Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23:2947–2948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28:2731–2739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Trento A, Galiano M, Garcia-Barreno B, Melero JA, Palomo C (2003) Major changes in the G protein of human respiratory syncytial virus isolates introduced by a duplication of 60 nucleotides. J Gen Virol 84:3115–3120

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Botosso VF, Zanotto PMdA, Ueda M, Arruda E, Gilio AE, Vieira SE, Stewien KE, Peret TC, Jamal LF, Pardini MI, Pinho JR, Massad E, Sant’anna OA, Holmes EC, Durigon EL, VGDN Consortium (2009) Positive selection results in frequent reversible amino acid replacements in the G protein gene of human respiratory syncytial virus. PLoS Pathog 5:e1000254

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Agrawal AS, Sarkar M, Ghosh S, Chawla-Sarkar M, Chakraborty N, Basak M, Naik TN (2009) Prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus group B genotype BA-IV strains among children with acute respiratory tract infection in Kolkata, Eastern India. J Clin Virol 45:358–361

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. van Niekerk S, Venter M (2011) Replacement of previously circulating respiratory syncytial virus subtype B strains with the BA genotype in South Africa. J Virol 85:8789–8797

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Simões EA, Carbonell-Estrany X (2003) Impact of severe disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children living in developed countries. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22:S13–S18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Tatochenko V, Uchaikin V, Gorelov A, Gudkov K, Campbell A, Schulz G, Prahl R, Notario G (2010) Epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤2 years of age hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections in the Russian Federation: a prospective, multicenter study. Clin Epidemiol 2:221–227

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Galiano MC, Palomo C, Videla CM, Arbiza J, Melero JA, Carballal G (2005) Genetic and antigenic variability of human respiratory syncytial virus (groups A and B) isolated over seven consecutive seasons in Argentina (1995 to 2001). J Clin Microbiol 43:2266–2273

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Zlateva KT, Vijgen L, Dekeersmaeker N, Naranjo C, Van Ranst M (2007) Subgroup prevalence and genotype circulation patterns of human respiratory syncytial virus in Belgium during ten successive epidemic seasons. J Clin Microbiol 45:3022–3030

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Reiche J, Schweiger B (2009) Genetic variability of group A human respiratory syncytial virus strains circulating in Germany from 1998 to 2007. J Clin Microbiol 47:1800–1810

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang RF, Jin Y, Xie ZP, Liu N, Yan KL, Gao HC, Song JR, Yuan XH, Xiao NG, Guo MW, Zhou QH, Hou YD, Duan Z (2010) Human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in China. J Clin Microbiol 48:4193–4199

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rafiefard F, Johansson B, Tecle T, Orvell C (2004) Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) of group A in Stockholm, Sweden, between 1965 and 2003. Virus Res 105:137–145

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yoshida A, Kiyota N, Kobayashi M, Nishimura K, Tsutsui R, Tsukagoshi H, Hirano E, Yamamoto N, Ryo A, Saitoh M, Harada S, Inoue O, Kozawa K, Tanaka R, Noda M, Okabe N, Tashiro M, Mizuta K, Kimura H (2012) Molecular epidemiology of the attachment glycoprotein (G) gene in respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infection in Japan in 2009/2010. J Med Microbiol 61:820–829

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Zhang ZY, Du LN, Chen X, Zhao Y, Liu EM, Yang XQ, Zhao XD (2010) Genetic variability of respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) prevalent in Southwestern China from 2006 to 2009: emergence of subgroup B and A RSV as dominant strains. J Clin Microbiol 48:1201–1207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Trento A, Casas I, Calderon A, Garcia-Garcia ML, Calvo C, Perez-Brena P, Melero JA (2010) Ten years of global evolution of the human respiratory syncytial virus BA genotype with a 60-nucleotide duplication in the G protein gene. J Virol 84:7500–7512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dapat IC, Shobugawa Y, Sano Y, Saito R, Sasaki A, Suzuki Y, Kumaki A, Zaraket H, Dapat C, Oguma T, Yamaguchi M, Suzuki H (2010) New genotypes within respiratory syncytial virus group B genotype BA in Niigata, Japan. J Clin Microbiol 48:3423–3427

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Peret TCT, Hall CB, Hammond GW, Piedra PA, Storch GA, Sullender WM, Tsou C, Anderson LJ (2000) Circulation patterns of group A and B human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in 5 communities in North America. J Infect Dis 181:1891–1896

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Venter M, Madhi SA, Tiemessen CT, Schoub BD (2001) Genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus over four consecutive seasons in South Africa: identification of new subgroup A and B genotypes. J Gen Virol 82:2117–2124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Trento A, Viegas M, Galiano M, Videla C, Carballal G, Mistchenko AS, Melero JA (2006) Natural history of human respiratory syncytial virus inferred from phylogenetic analysis of the attachment (G) glycoprotein with a 60-nucleotide duplication. J Virol 80:975–984

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Latvian grant 09.1604 from the Study and Science Administration and by the European Social Fund. The authors would like to thank O. Rasnacs (Riga Stradins University) for processing of clinical statistics and Dr. G. Storch (Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA) for critical reading of the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andris Kazaks.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Balmaks, R., Ribakova, I., Gardovska, D. et al. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus during the 2009–2010 season in Latvia. Arch Virol 158, 1089–1092 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1586-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1586-2

Keywords

Navigation