Abstract
Background
It is still not known which patients with chronic hepatitis C who failed to respond to previous pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) plus ribavirin therapy can benefit from re-treatment.
Methods
Seventy-four patients (HCV genotype 1, n = 56, genotype 2, n = 18) were re-treated with Peg-IFN plus ribavirin.
Results
On re-treatment, the sustained virologic response (SVR) rate was 41% for genotype 1 and 56% for genotype 2. With genotype 1, the factors associated with an SVR were previous treatment response and the serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level at the start of re-treatment. Patients with a ≥2-log decrease in HCV RNA at week 12 (partial early virologic response, p-EVR) in previous treatment had significantly higher SVR rates than those without these decreases (p < 0.001); no patient without a p-EVR in the previous treatment attained an SVR with re-treatment (0/16). All patients with <5 log10 IU/ml of HCV RNA at the start of re-treatment attained an SVR (6/6), while only 33% (15/45) of those patients with ≥5 log10 IU/ml of HCV RNA attained an SVR (p < 0.01). Among the patients with relapse in the previous treatment, those who attained an SVR on re-treatment required a longer duration of re-treatment than the duration of the previous treatment (re-treatment, 63.8 ± 13.0 weeks vs. previous treatment, 53.9 ± 13.5 weeks, p = 0.01).
Conclusions
Re-treatment of genotype 1 patients should be limited to patients with a p-EVR in the previous treatment and a low HCV RNA level at the start of re-treatment. In re-treatment with Peg-IFN plus ribavirin, longer treatment duration can contribute to increasing the anti-viral effect.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ghany MG, Strader DB, Thomas DL, Seeff LB. Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: an update. Hepatology. 2009;49:1335–74.
Hayashi N, Takehara T. Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C: past, present, and future. J Gastroenterol. 2006;41:17–27.
Manns MP, McHutchison JG, Gordon SC, Rustgi VK, Shiffman M, Reindollar R, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin compared with interferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for initial treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;358:958–65.
Fried MW, Shiffman ML, Reddy KR, Smith C, Marinos G, Goncales FL Jr, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:975–82.
McHutchison JG, Everson GT, Gordon SC, Jacobson IM, Sulkowski M, Kauffman R, et al. Telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1827–38.
Hezode C, Forestier N, Dusheiko G, Ferenci P, Pol S, Goeser T, et al. Telaprevir and peginterferon with or without ribavirin for chronic HCV infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1839–50.
McHutchison JG, Manns MP, Muir AJ, Terrault NA, Jacobson IM, Afdhal NH, et al. Telaprevir for previously treated chronic HCV infection. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1292–303.
Bacon BR, Shiffman ML, Mendes F, Ghalib R, Hassanein T, Morelli G, et al. Retreating chronic hepatitis C with daily interferon alfacon-1/ribavirin after nonresponse to pegylated interferon/ribavirin: DIRECT results. Hepatology. 2009;49:1838–46.
Jensen DM, Marcellin P, Freilich B, Andreone P, Di Bisceglie A, Brandao-Mello CE, et al. Re-treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C who do not respond to peginterferon-alpha2b: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:528–40.
Poynard T, Colombo M, Bruix J, Schiff E, Terg R, Flamm S, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin: effective in patients with hepatitis C who failed interferon alfa/ribavirin therapy. Gastroenterology. 2009;136:1618–28.
Berg C, Goncales FL Jr, Bernstein DE, Sette H Jr, Rasenack J, Diago M, et al. Re-treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients after relapse: efficacy of peginterferon-alpha-2a (40 kDa) and ribavirin. J Viral Hepat. 2006;13:435–40.
Thomas DL, Thio CL, Martin MP, Qi Y, Ge D, O’Huigin C, et al. Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Nature. 2009;461:798–801.
Suppiah V, Moldovan M, Ahlenstiel G, Berg T, Weltman M, Abate ML, et al. IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy. Nat Genet. 2009;41:1100–4.
Tanaka Y, Nishida N, Sugiyama M, Kurosaki M, Matsuura K, Sakamoto N, et al. Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Genet. 2009;41:1105–9.
Thompson AJ, Muir AJ, Sulkowski MS, Ge D, Fellay J, Shianna KV, et al. Interleukin-28B polymorphism improves viral kinetics and is the strongest pretreatment predictor of sustained virologic response in hepatitis C virus-1 patients. Gastroenterology. 2010;139:120–9.
Hayashi PH, Mehia C, Joachim Reimers H, Solomon HS, Bacon BR. Splenectomy for thrombocytopenia in patients with hepatitis C cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40:740–4.
Miyake Y, Ando M, Kaji E, Toyokawa T, Nakatsu M, Horihata M. Partial splenic embolization prior to combination therapy of interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients with thrombocytopenia. Hepatol Res. 2008;38:980–6.
Morihara D, Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Kawamura Y, Saneto H, Yatsuji H, et al. Effectiveness of combination therapy of splenectomy and long-term interferon in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and thrombocytopenia. Hepatol Res. 2009;39:439–47.
Ikezawa K, Naito M, Yumiba T, Iwahashi K, Onishi Y, Kita H, et al. Splenectomy and antiviral treatment for thrombocytopenic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Viral Hepat. 2010;17:488–92.
Ascione A, De Luca M, Tartaglione MT, Lampasi F, Di Costanzo GG, Lanza AG, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin is more effective than peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for treating chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Gastroenterology. 2010;138:116–22.
Awad T, Thorlund K, Hauser G, Stimac D, Mabrouk M, Gluud C. Peginterferon alpha-2a is associated with higher sustained virological response than peginterferon alfa-2b in chronic hepatitis C: systematic review of randomized trials. Hepatology. 2010;51:1176–84.
McHutchison JG, Lawitz EJ, Shiffman ML, Muir AJ, Galler GW, McCone J, et al. Peginterferon alfa-2b or alfa-2a with ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis C infection. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:580–93.
Acknowledgments
Other institutions and participants in the Osaka Liver Forum are: Higashiosaka City Central Hospital, S Iio; Itami City Hospital, Y Saji; Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, M Inada; Otemae Hospital, Y Doi; Suita Municipal Hospital, T Nagase; NTT West Osaka Hospital, A Kaneko; Ashiya Municipal Hospital, T Kitada; Nishinomiya Municipal Central Hospital, H Ogawa; Saiseikai Senri Hospital, K Suzuki; Izumiotsu Municipal Hospital, S Yamagata; Osaka Kaisei Hospital, N Imaizumi; Kano General Hospital, S Kubota; Saso Hospital, M Nishiuchi; and Meiwa Hospital, Y Hayakawa. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Research on Hepatitis and BSE from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, and Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan. All authors have no financial relationships relevant to this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Oze, T., Hiramatsu, N., Yakushijin, T. et al. Efficacy of re-treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C in Japan. J Gastroenterol 46, 1031–1037 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-011-0409-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-011-0409-7