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Cancer of unknown primary originating from oropharyngeal carcinomas are strongly correlated to HPV positivity

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Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been identified as a distinct entity within squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. It is associated with special characteristics and is preponderantly restricted to palatial tonsils and base of tongue. These primary locations have for long been associated with the clinical situation of cancer of unknown primary (CUP). In order to investigate the putative relationship between CUP and HPV, we investigated 26 patients who initially presented as CUP and were finally diagnosed with carcinomas of these two locations. Twenty-one cases proved to be positive for high-risk HPV. Primary carcinomas were small and frequently presented in a submucosal location. HPV-positive carcinomas, presented more often in women, showed atypical basaloid differentiation and correlated to cystic lymph node metastases. This study demonstrates an over-representation of HPV-associated OSCC in patients who were initially diagnosed with CUP. This finding indicates a strong relationship between HPV-association and CUP in OSCC. The frequent manifestation as CUP is presumably caused by the unusual predisposition for small size and submucosal location combined with early lymphatic metastization. In order not to miss clinically occult carcinomas, consequent interdisciplinary cooperation in combination with meticulous histological workup is mandatory.

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Acknowledgments

This investigation was supported by a grant of “Wissenschaftliches Herausgeberkollegium der Münchener Medizinischen Wochenschrift e.V.”, Grant 2007.

Conflict of interest

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Grosshadern Medical Center, Ludwig Maximilian University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany

    Pamela Zengel

  2. Institute of Pathology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany

    Gerald Assmann, Martin Mollenhauer, Andreas Jung, Karl Sotlar, Thomas Kirchner & Stephan Ihrler

  3. Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Martin Mollenhauer

  4. Laboratory for Dermatohistology and Oral pathology, Munich, Germany

    Stephan Ihrler

Authors
  1. Pamela Zengel
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  2. Gerald Assmann
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  3. Martin Mollenhauer
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  4. Andreas Jung
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  5. Karl Sotlar
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  6. Thomas Kirchner
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pamela Zengel.

Additional information

Pamela Zengel and Gerald Assmann contributed equally to this work.

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Zengel, P., Assmann, G., Mollenhauer, M. et al. Cancer of unknown primary originating from oropharyngeal carcinomas are strongly correlated to HPV positivity. Virchows Arch 461, 283–290 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-012-1290-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-012-1290-3

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