References
Alvina K, Khodakhah K (2010) The therapeutic mode of action of 4-aminopyridine in cerebellar ataxia. J Neurosci 30:7258–7268
Hausdorff JM (2005) Gait variability: methods, modeling and meaning. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2:19
Hausdorff JM (2007) Gait dynamics, fractals and falls: finding meaning in the stride-to-stride fluctuations of human walking. Hum Mov Sci 26:555–589
Ilg W, Golla H, Thier P, Giese MA (2007) Specific influences of cerebellar dysfunctions on gait. Brain 130:786–798
Jahn K, Deutschlander A, Stephan T, Kalla R, Wiesmann M, Strupp M, Brandt T (2008) Imaging human supraspinal locomotor centers in brainstem and cerebellum. Neuroimage 39:786–792
Jodice C, Mantuano E, Veneziano L, Trettel F, Sabbadini G, Calandriello L, Francia A, Spadaro M, Pierelli F, Salvi F, Ophoff RA, Frants RR, Frontali M (1997) Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) due to CAG repeat expansion in the CACNA1A gene on chromosome 19p. Hum Mol Genet 6:1973–1978
Lohle M, Schrempf W, Wolz M, Reichmann H, Storch A (2008) Potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine is effective in interictal cerebellar symptoms in episodic ataxia type 2—a video case report. Mov Disord 23:1314–1316
Mori S, Matsuyama K, Mori F, Nakajima K (2001) Supraspinal sites that induce locomotion in the vertebrate central nervous system. Adv Neurol 87:25–40
Powell LE, Myers AM (1995) The Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 50A:M28–M34
Schmitz-Hubsch T, du Montcel ST, Baliko L, Berciano J, Boesch S, Depondt C, Giunti P, Globas C, Infante J, Kang JS, Kremer B, Mariotti C, Melegh B, Pandolfo M, Rakowicz M, Ribai P, Rola R, Schols L, Szymanski S, van de Warrenburg BP, Durr A, Klockgether T, Fancellu R (2006) Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia: development of a new clinical scale. Neurology 66:1717–1720
Strupp M, Kalla R, Dichgans M, Freilinger T, Glasauer S, Brandt T (2004) Treatment of episodic ataxia type 2 with the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine. Neurology 62:1623–1625
Strupp M, Kalla R, Glasauer S, Wagner J, Hufner K, Jahn K, Brandt T (2008) Aminopyridines for the treatment of cerebellar and ocular motor disorders. Prog Brain Res 171:535–541
van de Warrenburg BP, Steijns JA, Munneke M, Kremer BP, Bloem BR (2005) Falls in degenerative cerebellar ataxias. Mov Disord 20:497–500
Walker ML, Austin AG, Banke GM, Foxx SR, Gaetano L, Gardner LA, McElhiney J, Morris K, Penn L (2007) Reference group data for the functional gait assessment. Phys Ther 87:1468–1477
Walter JT, Alvina K, Womack MD, Chevez C, Khodakhah K (2006) Decreases in the precision of Purkinje cell pacemaking cause cerebellar dysfunction and ataxia. Nat Neurosci 9:389–397
Yardley L, Beyer N, Hauer K, Kempen G, Piot-Ziegler C, Todd C (2005) Development and initial validation of the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Age Ageing 34:614–619
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Judy Benson for copy editing the article. The work was supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG JA 1087/1-1) and the German Hertie Foundation.
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schniepp, R., Wuehr, M., Ackl, N. et al. 4-Aminopyridine improves gait variability in cerebellar ataxia due to CACNA 1A mutation. J Neurol 258, 1708–1711 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-5987-z
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-5987-z