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The potential of vegetation feedback to alleviate climate aridity over the United States associated with a 2×CO2 climate condition

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Abstract

This study examines the potential impact of vegetation feedback on changes in summer climate aridity over the contiguous United States (US) due to the doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration using a set of 100-year-long climate simulations made by a global climate model interactively coupled with a dynamic vegetation model. The Thornthwaite moisture index (I m ), which quantifies climate aridity on the basis of atmospheric water supply (i.e., precipitation) and atmospheric water demand (i.e., potential evapotranspiration, PET), is used to measure climate aridity. Warmer atmosphere and drier surface resulting from increased CO2 concentration increase climate aridity over most of the contiguous US. This phenomenon is due to larger increments in PET than in precipitation, regardless of the presence or absence of vegetation feedback. Compared to simulations without active dynamic vegetation feedback, the presence of vegetation feedback significantly alleviates the increase in aridity. This vegetation-feedback effect is most noticeable in the subhumid regions such as southern, midwestern and northwestern US, primarily by the increasing vegetation greenness. In these regions, the greening in response to warmer temperatures enhances moisture transfer from soil to atmosphere by evapotranspiration (ET). The increased ET and subsequent moistening over land areas result in weaker surface warming (1–2 K) and PET (3–10 mm month−1), and greater precipitation (4–10 mm month−1). Collectively, they result in moderate increases in I m . Our results suggest that moistening by enhanced vegetation feedback may prevent aridification under climatic warming especially in areas vulnerable to climate change, with consequent implications for mitigation strategies.

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Notes

  1. For the present climate, concentrations of greenhouse gases are 1,714, 311 ppbv, 280, and 503 pptv for CH4, N2O, F11, and F12, respectively. Concentration and distribution of aerosols are produced using aerosol assimilation system (Collins et al. 2001, 2002).

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2006-4204. The first author was also supported by the BK21 project of the Korean government.

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  1. Su-Jong Jeong

    Present address: Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Climate Physics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea

    Chang-Eui Park, Chang-Hoi Ho & Su-Jong Jeong

  2. Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Jinwon Kim

  3. School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA

    Song Feng

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  1. Chang-Eui Park
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Correspondence to Chang-Hoi Ho.

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Park, CE., Ho, CH., Jeong, SJ. et al. The potential of vegetation feedback to alleviate climate aridity over the United States associated with a 2×CO2 climate condition. Clim Dyn 38, 1489–1500 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1150-x

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