Abstract
Epibenthos of the southeastern Chukchi Sea, inclusive of Kotzebue Sound, was sampled in 1976. Crustaceans dominated abundance while echinoderms, mainly sea stars, dominated biomass. Spatial distribution of fauna was determined by cluster analysis. Scavenger-predators were dominant trophic groups, although suspension feeders dominated some regions. Unexpected high abundance and biomass under Alaska Coastal Water and factors related to presence and distribution of fauna are discussed. Dissimilarities between the benthic systems of the southeastern and northeastern Chukchi Seas are attributed to more complex water mass and flow patterns in the southern system. Entrained particulate organic carbon disperses through the area to support an abundant and apparently highly productive benthic fauna, which sustains resident and transient populations of demersal fishes and marine mammals. Epibenthos was sampled again in 1998 and, although little change was apparent in community composition, many taxa had higher abundance and biomass than 22 years earlier, a trend similar to findings observed in the northeastern Bering Sea.
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Acknowledgements
The study was funded by Minerals Management Service, Department of the Interior, through an interagency agreement with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Samples were collected on the NOAA Ship Miller Freeman. We thank the following for shipboard sampling and taxonomic assistance: Max Hoberg, Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks and Rae Baxter (deceased), Alaska Department of Fish and Game. We thank Dr. T. Pearson, Dr. D. Piepenburg, and Dr. J. Weslawski for their helpful comments, and Dr. T. Weingartner for the review of the oceanographic section of the paper.
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Appendix
Appendix
Average abundance (ind. km−2) of dominant fauna ranked by weighted average for all groups
Taxa | A54 | A55 | I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | Average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chionoecetes opilio | 907 | 0 | 309 | 3,432 | 3,870 | 5,191 | 28 | 5,873 | 31 | 16,916 | 12,848 | 2,249 | 6,154 |
Ophiura sarsi | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18,799 | 0 | 894 | 759 | 2,803 | 550 | 0 | 6,644 | 3,395 | 5,723 |
Boltenia echinata | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 47,585 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 3,309 | 1,332 | 4,412 |
Leptasterias polaris acervata | 91 | 0 | 0 | 16,440 | 6,600 | 466 | 99 | 978 | 339 | 43 | 46 | 2,832 | 3,708 |
Asterias amurensis | 91 | 270 | 1,733 | 782 | 270 | 859 | 3,843 | 1,326 | 4,964 | 5,260 | 6,654 | 5,484 | 3,319 |
Pagurus trigonocheirus | 378 | 0 | 38 | 2,376 | 4,899 | 2,186 | 68 | 4,515 | 5,982 | 1,181 | 3,569 | 2,711 | 2,981 |
Neptunea heros | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2,027 | 1,911 | 14,312 | 0 | 4,387 | 2,046 | 5,222 | 40 | 1,092 | 2,866 |
Argis lar | 0 | 143 | 0 | 2,304 | 11,506 | 2,545 | 222 | 1,948 | 898 | 389 | 2,058 | 1,110 | 2,402 |
Actiniidae | 0 | 16 | 0 | 1,212 | 2,562 | 486 | 2,047 | 3 | 3,034 | 607 | 5,194 | 274 | 2,159 |
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis | 74,550 | 0 | 6 | 5 | 12,717 | 2 | 39 | 197 | 150 | 19 | 196 | 49 | 2,060 |
Sclerocrangon boreas | 302 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27,380 | 3 | 57 | 174 | 468 | 0 | 74 | 0 | 2,024 |
Chelyosoma orientale | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28,161 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2,012 |
Chelyosoma spp. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25,106 | 2 | 117 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 382 | 87 | 1,910 |
Pagurus capillatus | 0 | 0 | 95 | 46 | 785 | 1,075 | 260 | 1,587 | 4,546 | 10,132 | 3,402 | 670 | 1,868 |
Styela macrenteron | 0 | 0 | 35 | 2 | 12,410 | 4 | 6 | 23 | 25 | 170 | 1,764 | 1,332 | 1,490 |
Hyas coarctatus alutaceus | 6,744 | 0 | 60 | 214 | 7,204 | 133 | 43 | 1,279 | 775 | 106 | 829 | 5,082 | 1,485 |
Labidocheirus splendescens | 0 | 64 | 76 | 355 | 120 | 504 | 15 | 619 | 1,767 | 940 | 1,318 | 35 | 674 |
Neptunea ventricosa | 0 | 0 | 11 | 111 | 1,910 | 1,968 | 0 | 237 | 948 | 627 | 39 | 506 | 527 |
Lethasterias nanimensis | 181 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,489 | 0 | 465 | 592 | 187 | 339 | 1,051 | 65 | 491 |
Gorgonocephalus caryi | 0 | 0 | 20 | 334 | 3,498 | 83 | 0 | 0 | 51 | 0 | 50 | 32 | 337 |
Pandalus goniurus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,779 | 131 | 0 | 48 | 817 | 21 | 365 | 11 | 293 |
Halocynthia aurantium | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3,957 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 68 | 289 |
Eunephthya rubiformis | 333 | 0 | 0 | 995 | 1,262 | 26 | 0 | 72 | 21 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 279 |
Henricia sp. | 30 | 0 | 0 | 1,482 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 32 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 264 |
Pagurus rathbuni | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1,130 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 94 | 202 |
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Feder, H.M., Jewett, S.C. & Blanchard, A. Southeastern Chukchi Sea (Alaska) epibenthos. Polar Biol 28, 402–421 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0683-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0683-4