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Organochlorine Concentrations in Bonnethead Sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) from Four Florida Estuaries

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Abstract

Because of their persistence in aquatic environments and ability to impair reproduction and other critical physiological processes, organochlorine (OC) contaminants pose significant health risks to marine organisms. Despite such concerns, few studies have investigated levels of OC exposure in sharks, which are fish particularly threatened by anthropogenic pollution because of their tendency to bioaccumulate and biomagnify environmental contaminants. The present study examined concentrations of 29 OC pesticides and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo), an abundant species for which evidence of reproductive impairment has been observed in certain Florida populations. Quantifiable levels of PCBs and 22 OC pesticides were detected via gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in liver of 95 S. tiburo from four estuaries on Florida’s Gulf coast: Apalachicola Bay, Tampa Bay, Florida Bay, and Charlotte Harbor. In general, OC concentrations were significantly higher in Apalachicola Bay, Tampa Bay, and Charlotte Harbor S. tiburo in relation to the Florida Bay population. Because the rate of infertility has been shown to be dramatically higher in Tampa Bay versus Florida Bay S. tiburo, the present findings allude to a possible relationship between OC exposure and reproductive health that requires further investigation. Pesticide and PCB concentrations did not appear to significantly increase with growth or age in S. tiburo, suggesting limited potential for OC bioaccumulation in this species compared with other sharks for which contaminant data are available. Concentrations of OCs in serum and muscle were not correlated with those in liver, indicating that these tissues are poor surrogates for measuring internal OC burden in this species via nonlethal sampling procedures.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge John Tyminski and numerous undergraduate student interns for participating in field sampling and animal collection procedures. This project was funded by Environmental Protection Agency grant #R826128-01-0 to CAM and a grant from the Mote Scientific Foundation to JG. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency’s required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Elasmobranch Physiology and Environmental Biology Program, Center for Shark Research, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida, 34236, USA

    J Gelsleichter & C. A. Manire

  2. Analytical Toxicology Core Laboratory, University of Florida, 110885, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA

    N. J. Szabo

  3. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, Florida, 324081, USA

    E. Cortés, J. Carlson & L. Lombardi-Carlson

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  1. J Gelsleichter
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  2. C. A. Manire
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  4. E. Cortés
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  5. J. Carlson
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  6. L. Lombardi-Carlson
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Correspondence to J Gelsleichter.

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Gelsleichter, J., Manire, C.A., Szabo, N.J. et al. Organochlorine Concentrations in Bonnethead Sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) from Four Florida Estuaries. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 48, 474–483 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-003-0275-2

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