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Comparisons in demographic rates of bay scallops in eelgrass and the introduced alga, Codium fragile, in New York

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Abstract

Bay scallops, Argopecten irradians, supported vibrant fisheries which subsequently collapsed, as such, they are a focus species for many restoration efforts along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. The scallops’ preferred habitat, seagrass, has also dramatically declined, and some scallop populations have increased post-restoration despite reduced seagrass cover. This has led to the hypothesis that macroalgae may serve as suitable alternative habitats for bay scallops. This study is the first to compare demographic rates, such as long-term survival, growth, condition and reproductive potential of scallops between the native eelgrass, Zostera marina, and the introduced alga, Codium fragile. Although long-term survival was not different between habitats, results suggest site-specific and inter-annual variation in the impacts of Codium on scallop growth. While demographic rates did not differ in Shinnecock Bay, in Sag Harbor, growth and/or condition were significantly different between both vegetated habitats depending on the year. However, recruit density, size and condition did not vary significantly, adding to the complexity of this relationship. Despite potential site-specific and inter-annual differences, this study supports the hypothesis that habitats other than eelgrass can benefit bay scallops.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the editor, Dr. Fabio Bulleri, and two anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and critiques of this work. We would also like to thank Dr. Stephen T. Tettelbach of Long Island University, Drs. Christopher J. Gobler and Robert Cerrato of Stony Brook University and Dr. David B Eggleston for helpful insights; J. Havelin, B. Udelson and J. Europe from LIU, B. Furman, J. Brisbin, J. Voci, A. Stubler, M. Brunelle and M. Mars of Stony Brook University for help in field sampling and sample processing. We would also like to acknowledge C. McIntyre of the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Marine Station (SoMAS) for setting up dock space, Dr. Gobler’s laboratory for chlorophyll analysis and G. Rivara, M. Patricio, K. Cahill and S. Hughes of Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County for logistical support.

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  1. Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA

    John M. Carroll

  2. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Bradley J. Peterson

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Communicated by F. Bulleri.

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Carroll, J.M., Peterson, B.J. Comparisons in demographic rates of bay scallops in eelgrass and the introduced alga, Codium fragile, in New York. Mar Biol 160, 1451–1463 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-013-2197-5

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