Abstract
This study aims at differentiating several organic materials, particularly polymers, by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy. The goal is to apply this technique to the fields of polymer recycling and cultural heritage conservation. We worked with some usual polymers families: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyoxymethylene, (POM), poly(vinyl chloride), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxyethylene (POE), and polyamide for the aliphatic ones, and poly(butylene terephthalate), acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene, polystyrene, and polycarbonate for the aromatic ones. The fourth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser (266 nm) in ambient air at atmospheric pressure was used. A careful analysis of the C2 Swan system (0,0) band in polymers containing no C–C (POM), few C–C (POE), or aromatic C–C linkages led us to the conclusion that the C2 signal might be native, i.e., the result of direct ablation from the sample. With use of these results, aliphatic and aromatic polymers could be differentiated. Further data treatments, such as properly chosen line ratios, principal component analysis, and partial least squares regression, were evaluated. It was shown that many polymers could be separated, including PE and PP, despite their similar chemical structures.
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Abbreviations
- ABS:
-
acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene
- ICCD:
-
intensified charge-coupled device
- LIBS:
-
laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
- NIR:
-
near IR
- PA:
-
polyamide
- PBT:
-
poly(butylene terephthalate)
- PC:
-
polycarbonate
- PCA:
-
principal component analysis
- PdMS:
-
polydimethylsiloxane
- PE:
-
polyethylene
- PLS:
-
partial least squares
- POE:
-
polyoxyethylene
- POM:
-
polyoxymethylene
- PP:
-
polypropylene
- PS:
-
polystyrene
- PTFE:
-
polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVC:
-
poly(vinyl chloride)
- SNR:
-
signal-to-noise ratio
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from ADEME (Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie) and ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie). We also want to especially acknowledge J. Yu and V. Motto-Ros (Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ionique et Moléculaire, Lyon, France) for helpful discussions.
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Grégoire, S., Boudinet, M., Pelascini, F. et al. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for polymer identification. Anal Bioanal Chem 400, 3331–3340 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4898-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4898-2