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Das hereditäre Mammakarzinom

Hereditary breast cancer

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Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Gehäuftes Auftreten von Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinom in einer Familie gibt den ersten Hinweis für hereditär bedingte Tumoren. Angehörige betroffener Familien sollten spezialisierten Zentren zur interdisziplinären Beratung zugeführt werden. Bei Nachweis einer Mutation im BRCA1- oder BRCA2-Gen besteht ein bis zu 80%iges Lebenszeitrisiko, an einem Mammakarzinom zu erkranken. Die Kenntnis eines hereditären Zusammenhangs zwischen eigenen oder familiären Erkrankungsfällen hat Einfluss auf Vorsorge, Therapie und Nachsorge. Die nicht erkrankte Ratsuchende kann an einem intensivierten Früherkennungsprogramm teilnehmen und Präventionsstrategien überdenken. Bereits erkrankte Familienmitglieder können gezielt beraten und behandelt werden. Als neue spezifische Therapieansätze sind PARP(Poly-ADP-Ribose-Polymerase)-1-Inhibitoren und Platinderivate bereits in klinischer Prüfung. Die deutschlandweite Zusammenführung der Daten aller getesteten Familien durch das Konsortium für hereditäres Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinom ermöglicht klinische Forschung und die Teilnahme an der weltweiten Suche nach weiteren Risikogenen.

Abstract

About 10% of all breast cancer cases are of genetic origin. A positive family history for breast and/or ovarian cancer can strongly hint at a hereditary background. Mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 raises the relative lifetime risk of breast cancer to 80%. Furthermore, there is a significant risk of other mutation-associated cancers; the ovarian cancer lifetime risk is up to 45%. Knowledge of a hereditary cause for breast cancer in a patient’s own or family history influences early cancer detection, prevention strategies, therapy, and aftercare. New therapy options such as the PARP-1 inhibitor, the first specific and molecular target, and the use of platinum-based drug regimens to individualize treatment of BRCA-associated cancer are now being tested in clinical trials. The data for all families that have undergone genetic counseling are being collected by the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer to enable participation in clinical research and in the worldwide search for new high-risk genes

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  1. Universitätsfrauenklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Haus 24, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland

    C. Crohns & C. Mundhenke

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  1. C. Crohns
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  2. C. Mundhenke
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Correspondence to C. Crohns.

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Crohns, C., Mundhenke, C. Das hereditäre Mammakarzinom. Gynäkologe 42, 665–670 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-009-2360-8

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