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Grundlagen der zentralen Körpergewichtsregulation

Basic facts of central body weight regulation

  • Leitthema
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Der Gynäkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Das Gehirn reguliert das Energiegleichgewicht des Körpers, indem es Signale aus der Körperperipherie integriert und verarbeitet. Damit gelingt es dem gesunden Organismus, das Körpergewicht durch die verschiedenen Lebensphasen konstant zu halten. Periphere Signale werden von Pankreas, Fettgewebe und dem Verdauungstrakt ausgesandt und beeinflussen durch ihre Wirkung im Gehirn die Nahrungsaufnahme bzw. Energieabgabe des Organismus. In den letzten Jahren wuchsen die Erkenntnisse über den Einfluss zentraler Netzwerke auf den Energiehaushalt rapide. Zahlreiche Peptide konnten charakterisiert werden, deren Funktion die Übermittlung des Energiestatus an das Gehirn zu sein scheint. Ebenso wurden Fortschritte bei der Identifizierung der an dieser Übermittlung beteiligten Hirnregionen, Neuronenpopulationen sowie der Neurotransmitter gemacht, die an der Signalverarbeitung mitwirken. Ein besseres Verständnis dieser Regelkreise ist nötig, um die Pathogenese der in Ausmaß und Häufigkeit zunehmenden Fettleibigkeit besser zu verstehen und neue effiziente pharmakologische Therapiekonzepte der Adipositas und metabolischer Erkrankungen zu entwickeln.

Abstract

The brain regulates the body’s energy balance in response to peripheral signals, which it integrates and processes. In this way it is possible for the healthy organism to maintain a constant body weight throughout the different phases of life. Peripheral signals from pancreas, adipose tissue and intestinal tract are released into the bloodstream and modulate food intake and energy expenditure by their effects on central circuits. Recent years have seen rapid increases in our knowledge of the influence of central pathways on energy balance. Numerous peptides have been identified whose function seems to be that of reporting the body’s nutritional status to the brain. There has also been a great deal of progress in identification of the brain regions, neuronal populations and neurotransmitters that are involved in processing these signals. A fuller understanding of these regulatory circuits is needed to enable us to understand the pathogenesis of obesity that is increasing in degree and frequency in our society and to develop new drug therapies that are effective against obesity and metabolic diseases.

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  1. Institut für Genetik und Zentrum für Molekulare Medizin Köln (ZMMK), Abteilung für Mausgenetik und Metabolismus, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674, Köln, Deutschland

    E. Rother &  J.C. Brüning

  2. Klinik II und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Klinikum der Universität zu Köln, Köln, Deutschland

    E. Rother &  J.C. Brüning

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  1. E. Rother
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  2. J.C. Brüning
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Correspondence to J.C. Brüning.

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Rother, E., Brüning, J. Grundlagen der zentralen Körpergewichtsregulation. Gynäkologe 40, 592–598 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00129-007-2027-2

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