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Multiple Sklerose und Ernährung

Diet and multiple sclerosis

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Zusammenfassung

Einflüsse der Ernährung auf Inzidenz und Verlauf der Multiplen Sklerose (MS) sind nicht sicher bewiesen. Es gelten die allgemeinen Empfehlungen zugunsten einer ausgewogenen Ernährung. Mangel-, Über- oder Fehlernährung sind häufig und verschlechtern potenziell die neurologische Symptomatik. In besonderen Situationen kann die Ernährungssituation durch eine individuelle diätetische Beratung und andere Maßnahmen verbessert werden. Epidemiologische Studien deuten darauf hin, dass der Konsum tierischer Fette mit einem erhöhten Erkrankungsrisiko assoziiert ist. Es gibt zahlreiche Hinweise, dass ungesättigte Fettsäuren, insbesondere ω-3-Fettsäuren, sich auf den Krankheitsverlauf der MS günstig auswirken. In mehreren Therapiestudien konnte jedoch kein positiver Effekt von ungesättigten Fettsäuren nachgewiesen werden. Die Einnahme von Vitamin D ist wahrscheinlich mit einem geringeren Erkrankungsrisiko assoziiert. Für eine Behandlung mit Vitamin D gibt es zurzeit noch keine ausreichende Basis. Wegen der hohen Prävalenz von Osteoporose bei Patienten mit MS sollte die Indikation zu einer präventiven Therapie mit Vitamin D und Kalzium weit gestellt werden.

Summary

Beneficial effects from any particular diet have not been proven in multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, the general guidelines on nutrition should be followed. Obesity and various forms of malnutrition worsening the MS symptoms are frequently observed. There is some evidence from epidemiological studies that a high consumption of saturated animal fat is associated with an increased incidence of MS. The findings from such studies indicate that supplementation with unsaturated fatty acids, in particular ω-3 fatty acids, could positively influence the course of MS. However, controlled studies did not show clear beneficial effects from polyunsaturated fatty acids. The intake of vitamin D is associated with a lower incidence of MS. In contrast, the effects of therapy with vitamin D on the course of MS have not been ascertained. Patients with MS carry an enormous risk of osteoporosis, and therefore the indication for a preventive therapy with vitamin D and calcium should be established in every postmenopausal woman or after repeated steroid treatments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Klinik, Klinikum Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg

    S. Schwarz

  2. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg

    H. Leweling

  3. Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Klinikum Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1–3, 68135, Mannheim, Deutschland

    S. Schwarz

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  1. S. Schwarz
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  2. H. Leweling
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Correspondence to S. Schwarz.

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Schwarz, S., Leweling, H. Multiple Sklerose und Ernährung . Nervenarzt 76, 131–142 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-004-1783-7

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