Abstract
Adult tabanid flies (horseflies and deerflies) are terrestrial and lay their eggs onto marsh plants near bodies of fresh water because the larvae develop in water or mud. To know how tabanids locate their host animals, terrestrial rendezvous sites and egg-laying places would be very useful for control measures against them, because the hematophagous females are primary/secondary vectors of some severe animal/human diseases/parasites. Thus, in choice experiments performed in the field we studied the behavior of tabanids governed by linearly polarized light. We present here evidence for positive polarotaxis, i.e., attraction to horizontally polarized light stimulating the ventral eye region, in both males and females of 27 tabanid species. The novelty of our findings is that positive polarotaxis has been described earlier only in connection with the water detection of some aquatic insects ovipositing directly into water. A further particularity of our discovery is that in the order Diptera and among blood-sucking insects the studied tabanids are the first known species possessing ventral polarization vision and definite polarization-sensitive behavior with known functions. The polarotaxis in tabanid flies makes it possible to develop new optically luring traps being more efficient than the existing ones based on the attraction of tabanids by the intensity and/or color of reflected light.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the grant OTKA K-6846 received by G. Kriska and G. Horváth from the Hungarian Science Foundation. We are grateful for the equipment donation of the German Alexander von Humboldt Foundation received by G. Horváth. Many thanks to János Horváth and Mária Horváth-Fischer for their logistical support in Kiskunhalas. Thanks to Dr. Balázs Bernáth (Jacobs University Bremen, Germany) for the statistical tests. The constructive and valuable comments of four anonymous referees are also acknowledged.
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Horváth, G., Majer, J., Horváth, L. et al. Ventral polarization vision in tabanids: horseflies and deerflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) are attracted to horizontally polarized light. Naturwissenschaften 95, 1093–1100 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0425-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0425-5