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Maligne Knochentumoren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Malignant bone tumors in children and adolescents

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Zusammenfassung

Maligne primäre Knochentumoren sind mit einem Anteil von nur 0,1% aller Krebserkrankungen insgesamt selten, gehören aber bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu den häufigsten soliden malignen Tumoren. Jährlich erkranken in Deutschland etwa 300–400 Patienten, mehr als die Hälfte davon im 2. Lebensjahrzehnt, Jungen etwas häufiger als Mädchen. Histologisch stellen die malignen Knochentumoren eine uneinheitliche Gruppe dar, im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind sie jedoch fast immer den Osteosarkomen oder den Tumoren der Ewing-Familie zuzuordnen. Aktuelle multimodale Therapiekonzepte bestehen aus einer neoadjuvanten systemischen Polychemotherapie, gefolgt von chirurgischer und beim Ewing-Sarkom auch strahlentherapeutischer Lokaltherapie und adjuvanter Fortführung der Chemotherapie. Durch diese intensive Behandlung kann heute in >60% der Patienten ein langfristiges Überleben erreicht werden. Die interdisziplinäre Therapie stellt hohe Ansprüche an Onkologie, operative Disziplinen, Radiologie und Pathologie. Sie sollte daher an spezialisierten Zentren im Rahmen prospektiver Therapiestudien erfolgen.

Abstract

With an approximate incidence of only 0.1% of all cancers, malignant primary bone tumors are rare. However, they are among the most frequent solid cancers in children and adolescents. Approximately 300–400 new cases are diagnosed in Germany each year; more than half of these are first encountered in the second decade of life, and boys are affected more often than girls. Histologically, malignant bone tumors are a diverse group, but in childhood and adolescence they can usually be assigned to the group of osteosarcomas or that of Ewing tumors. Current multimodal therapeutic strategies consist of neoadjuvant systemic polychemotherapy, followed by surgery — and in the case of Ewing tumors sometimes radiotherapy—and continuation of chemotherapy as an adjuvant therapy. Such intensive treatment makes it possible to achieve long-term disease-free survival in more than 60% of patients. Interdisciplinary treatment makes high demands on oncology, the surgical disciplines, and radiology and pathology and should therefore be performed in specialized centers and monitored in prospective trials.

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Danksagung

Abbildung 1 wurde freundlicherweise von Herrn Prof. Dr. H. Bürger, Gerhard-Domagk-Institut für Pathologie des Universitätsklinikums Münster, zur Verfügung gestellt. Für die freundliche Überlassung der Abbildungen 3a–e danken wir Herrn Prof. Heindel, Institut für Klinische Radiologie, und Frau PD Dr. Franzius, Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster.

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Potratz, J., Zoubek, A. & Bielack, S. Maligne Knochentumoren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 154, 10–19 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-005-1267-2

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