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Regenerative Therapien in der Kardiologie

Wie weit entfernt von der Praxis?

Regenerative therapy in cardiology

How distant is it from reality?

  • Arzneimitteltherapie
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Beim akuten Myokardinfarkt geht kontraktiles Myokardgewebe verloren. Durch Umbauprozesse kommt es zum Remodeling des linken Ventrikels, welches in Herzinsuffizienz mündet. Neben einer optimierten akuten Reperfusionstherapie und einer medikamentösen Postinfarkttherapie kann durch die Verbesserung der Durchblutung mittels Gefäßneubildung sowie Regeneration von Kardiomyozyten im Bereich des Infarktes das Remodeling vermindert oder aufgehoben werden. Experimentelle Studien zeigen, dass durch die Transplantation von adulten Stammzellen die Neovaskularisierung verbessert und die Fibrosierung reduziert werden kann und somit die linksventrikuläre Funktion nach einem akuten Myokardinfarkt gesteigert wird. Im Gegensatz zur bisherigen Therapiestrategie bietet die Stamm- oder Progenitorzelltherapie eine Möglichkeit, Myokardgewebe zu regenerieren. Erste klinische Untersuchungen belegen neben Sicherheit und Machbarkeit einer Therapie mit autologen Progenitorzellen eine ausgeprägte Besserung der linksventrikulären Funktion, Geometrie und Vaskularisierung bei Patienten mit akutem Myokardinfarkt, die mit einer intrakoronaren Zelltherapie behandelt wurden. Bei Patienten mit chronisch-ischämischer Kardiomyopathie ist die Verbesserung der Kontraktilität derzeit noch geringer ausgeprägt. Ob durch eine intrakoronare Infusion von autologen adulten Progenitorzellen auch eine Reduktion von Morbidität und Mortalität bei Herzinsuffizienz erreicht werden kann, wird in derzeit in Planung befindlichen Studien untersucht werden.

Abstract

During acute myocardial infarction, ischemia causes progressive loss of contractile tissue. Subsequently, structural changes lead to left ventricular remodeling finally resulting in the development of heart failure. In addition to an optimal reperfusion and pharmacologinal post-infarction therapy, increased neovascularization and regeneration of cardiomyocytes could reduce or even abolish the ongoing left ventricular remodeling processes within the infarct area. Experimental studies have demonstrated that transplantation of adult progenitor cells leads to increased neovascularization, reduced fibrosis and, therefore, increased left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. In contrast to current treatment strategies, progenitor cell therapy offers a new regenerative approach for myocardial tissue. Initial clinical studies have demonstrated, apart from safety and feasibility of intracoronary infusion of adult autologous progenitor cells, a significant improvement of left ventricular function, geometry and vascularization in patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving intracoronary infusion of progenitor cells. However, in patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, the improvement in contractility is less pronounced. Finally, whether intracoronary infusion of adult progenitor cells can also reduce morbidity and mortality due to heart failure, remains to be investigated.

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Assmus, B., Schächinger, V. & Zeiher, A.M. Regenerative Therapien in der Kardiologie. Internist 47, 1177–1182 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-006-1707-7

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