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Die Talgdrüse

The sebaceous gland

  • Leitthema
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Zusammenfassung

In der Fetal- und Neugeborenenzeit werden Entwicklung und Funktion der Talgdrüse von maternalen Androgenen, endogenen Steroiden und anderen Morphogenen gesteuert. Die offensichtlichste Funktion der Talgdrüse ist die Sebumsekretion. Kurz nach der Geburt kommt es zu einem starken Anstieg der Sebumexkretion und einem Peak in der ersten Lebenswoche, danach zu einem allmählichen Abfall. Im Rahmen der Adrenarche im Alter von etwa 9 Jahren entsteht ein erneuter Anstieg, der bis etwa zum 17. Lebensjahr anhält, bis das Erwachsenenniveau erreicht ist. Die Talgdrüse ist Zielorgan, aber auch Bildungsort von Hormonen (v. a. aktiven Androgenen). Sebozyten weisen ein breites Spektrum von Hormonrezeptoren auf. Die Wirkung von Androgenen auf die Sebumexkretion ist bekannt, die Differenzierung terminaler Sebozyten wird von Peroxisom-Proliferator-aktivierenden Rezeptorliganden unterstützt. Auch Östrogene, Glukokortikoide und Prolaktin beeinflussen die Talgdrüsenfunktion. Zusätzlich induzieren Stress-sensible kutane Signale die Produktion und Freisetzung von CRH („corticotrohin releasing hormone“) mit nachfolgender dosisabhängiger Regulierung der neutralen Lipide. Ohne exogene Einflüsse synthetisieren Talgdrüsen neben anderen Lipidfragmenten erhebliche Mengen freier Fettsäuren. Atopische bzw. seborrhoische Dermatitis, Psoriasis und Akne vulgaris zählen zu den Krankheitsbildern, an deren Entstehung und Ausprägung Talgdrüsenlipide wahrscheinlich oder sicher beteiligt sind.

Abstract

The development and function of the sebaceous gland in the fetal and neonatal periods appear to be regulated by maternal androgens and by endogenous steroid synthesis, as well as by other morphogens. The most apparent function of the glands is to excrete sebum. A strong increase in sebum excretion occurs a few hours after birth; this peaks during the first week and slowly subsides thereafter. A new rise takes place at about age 9 years with adrenarche and continues up to age 17 years, when the adult level is reached. The sebaceous gland is a target organ but also an important formation site of hormones, and especially of active androgens. Hormonal activity is based on an hormone (ligand)-receptor interaction, whereas sebocytes express a wide spectrum of hormone receptors. Androgens are well known for their effects on sebum excretion, whereas terminal sebocyte differentiation is assisted by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands. Estrogens, glucocorticoids, and prolactin also influence sebaceous gland function. In addition, stress-sensing cutaneous signals lead to the production and release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone from dermal nerves and sebocytes with subsequent dose-dependent regulation of sebaceous nonpolar lipids. Among other lipid fractions, sebaceous glands have been shown to synthesize considerable amounts of free fatty acids without exogenous influence. Atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis and acne vulgaris are some of the disease on which pathogenesis and severity sebaceous lipids may or are surely involved.

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  1. Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie / Immunologisches Zentrum, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Auenweg 38, 06847, Dessau, Deutschland

    C.C. Zouboulis

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Zouboulis, C. Die Talgdrüse. Hautarzt 61, 467–477 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1894-y

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