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Biomarker zur Diagnose der zellulären Abstoßung nach Herztransplantation

Biomarker for Diagnosis of Rejection after Heart Transplantation

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Zusammenfassung

Die Herztransplantation hat sich zu einer etablierten Therapie bei Patienten mit terminaler, therapierefraktärer Herzinsuffizienz entwickelt. Im 1. Jahr nach Herztransplantation spielt dabei die akute Abstoßung nach wie vor eine wichtige Rolle. Die Diagnose der akuten Abstoßung erfolgt über die histologische Beurteilung von Herzmuskelgewebe und ist somit an die Durchführung einer Endomyokardbiopsie (EMB) gebunden, welche mit einem entsprechenden Risiko assoziiert ist und für einige Patienten eine unangenehme Prozedur darstellt. Neben den bildgebenden Verfahren (vor allem Echokardiographie und Magnetresonanztomographie) und dem intramyokardialen Elektrogramm als nichtinvasive Methoden zur Abstoßungsdiagnostik wurde auch eine große Anzahl zirkulierender Biomarker untersucht, wobei B-Typ-natriuretisches Peptid, Troponin und inflammatorische Marker zu den wichtigsten zählen. Obwohl der Einsatz dieser Biomarker hilfreich sein kann, hat keiner der diskutierten Parameter das Potential, die EMB als Goldstandard in der Abstoßungsdiagnostik nach Herztransplantation zu ersetzen. Interessant wird in den nächsten Jahren der Einsatz der Microarrays, mit deren Hilfe Genexpressionsmuster bestimmt werden können, welche mit einem höheren Risiko für eine Abstoßung assoziiert sind. Laufende Studien werden zeigen, ob dadurch die EMB zumindest in der Anzahl reduziert werden kann.

Abstract

Heart transplantation is an established therapeutic modality in patients with end-stage heart failure. In the 1st year after transplantation acute cellular rejection is still important. The diagnosis of acute cellular rejection is based on the histological evaluation of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) specimens. EMB is an invasive procedure with a definite risk and poor tolerance in some patients. Imaging methods like echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging as well as intracardiac ECG have been used for noninvasive diagnosis of acute cellular rejection. In addition, a large number of circulating biomarkers have been evaluated for noninvasive diagnosis of rejection. B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin and inflammatory markers are the most important biomarkers in this field. Although these parameters are useful, none of them has the potential to replace EMB as the gold standard for diagnosis of rejection. In the near future microarray technology might get important for diagnosis of acute cellular rejection. Using microarray technique gene expression profiles can be detected, which are associated with an increased risk for rejection. Ongoing studies will demonstrate, whether microarrays can at least reduce the number of EMBs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklink für Innere Medizin III – Kardiologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich

    Matthias Frick, Otmar Pachinger & Gerhard Pölzl

  2. Universitätsklinik für Herzchirurgie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich

    Herwig Antretter

  3. Universitätsklinik für Innere Medizin III – Kardiologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Österreich

    Matthias Frick

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  1. Matthias Frick
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Correspondence to Matthias Frick.

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Frick, M., Antretter, H., Pachinger, O. et al. Biomarker zur Diagnose der zellulären Abstoßung nach Herztransplantation. Herz 35, 11–16 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-010-3309-3

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