Abstract
Relative disease severity (seedpiece decay or post emergence blackleg) incited byErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (Ecc) andErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica (Eca) was studied in the field and the greenhouse. When inoculated tubers were planted in cool soils in the field or greenhouse (7.0–18.5°C average minimum and 16–26°C average maximum temperature during the first 30 days after planting)Eca caused significantly more disease thanEcc. Under these experimental conditionsEcc did not cause significantly more disease than that found in non-inoculated controls. When soil temperatures were high at planting time (21.4–24.0°C average minimum and 29.6–35.0°C average maximum temperature for the first 30 days after planting), inoculation withEcc resulted in severe disease whileEca produced no more infection than that found in uninoculated controls. At intermediate soil temperatures both were infective.
Seedpiece decay by both organisms was correlated with soil temperatures during the first 30 days after planting. As the soil temperature increased, inoculation withEcc resulted in more disease than inoculation withEca. At lower soil temperatures the opposite result was obtained.
Field and greenhouse studies showed that bothEca andEcc were able to cause typical post emergence blackleg infection, the former at low soil temperature and the latter at high temperature conditions.
The data suggest that bothEcc andEca are components of the potato blackleg and soft rot disease complex. Environmental conditions, especially soil temperature, determine which organism is causative under a particular set of conditions.
Resumen
Severidad relativa de la enfermedad (pudrición de semilla de papa o pierna negra de post-emergencia) causada porErwinia carotovora var.carotovora (Ecc) yErwinia carotovora var.atroseptica (Eca) fue estudiada en el campo y en invernadero. Cuando tubérculos inoculados fueron sembrados en suelos frios del campo o invernadero (7–18.5° C promedio mínimo y 16–26° C promedio máximo de temperatura durante los primeros 30 dias después de la siembra) Eca causó significativamente más daño que Ecc. Bajo estas condiciones experimentales Ecc no causó significativamente más enfermedad que la que se encontró en los controles no inoculados. Cuando las temperaturas del suelo fueron altas en la siembra (21.4–24.0° C de promedio mínimo y 29.6–35.0° C de promedio máximo durante los primeros 30 dias después de la siembra) la inoculación con Ecc produjó una severa enfermedad mientras Eca no produjó major infección que la encontrada en controles no inoculados. A temperaturas intermedias del suelo ambas fueron infectivas.
La pudrición de semilla de papa causada por los dos organismos estuvo correlacionada con las temperaturas del suelo durante los primeros 30 días después de la siembra. A medida que la temperatura del suelo aumenta, la inoculación con Ecc produce mayor enfermedad que la inoculación con Eca. A temperaturas bajas del suelo el resultado opuesto fue obtenido.
Estudios de campo e invernadero mostraron que tanto Eca como Ecc podían causar una típica pierna negra de post-emergencia, la primera a temperaturas bajas del suelo y la última a temperaturas altas.
La información sugiere que Ecc y Eca son componentes del complejo pierna negra de la papa y pudrición de planta. Las condiciones ambientales, especialmente la temperatura del suelo, determinan cual organismo es el causante bajo un conjunto particular de condiciones.
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Formerly Graduate Research Assistant.
This work was supported by the Colorado State University Experiment Station as part of the Ph.D. Dissertation of the senior author.
Published as Scientific Series Paper No. 2364.
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Molina, J.J., Harrison, M.D. The role ofErwinia carotovora in the epidemiology of potato blackleg. II. The effect of soil temperature on disease severity. American Potato Journal 57, 351–363 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854325
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854325