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Demographic response to shading and defoliation in two woodland orchids

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Abstract

Many woodland herbs are long-lived, clonal geophytes that have evolved life histories favoring survival over reproduction. We examined the life history responses of natural populations of two woodland orchid species,Cypripedium calceolus andCephalanthera longifolia to defoliation and heavy shading conducted early in the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003. We asked whether, in view of the importance of growth for the survival of geophytes, treated plants were more likely to exhibit reduced flowering than reduced vegetative growth in the seasons following treatment. We also asked whether plants would suffer reduced ramet performance. Both treatments led to significant declines in flower number per ramet, number of leaves per ramet, and mean ramet height relative to controls inCypripedium. However, inCephalanthera, only shaded plants exhibited significant declines in flower number per ramet, and only defoliated plants exhibited declines in mean ramet height. The number of ramets per plant did not decline relative to controls in either species. Thus, these orchids, especiallyCypripedium, appeared to allocate resources preferentially to vegetative growth functions over sexual reproduction. Per-plant variation in leaf and flower number per ramet, as well as in mean ramet height, consistently declined in response to treatment, significantly so in the case of mean ramet height, suggesting that ramets became more similar within genets. These results suggest both similarities and differences in the ways in whichCephalanthera andCypripedium mobilize resources in response to stress.

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  1. Richard P. Shefferson

    Present address: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, 1 Matsunosato, 305-8687, Tsukuba, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Integrative Biology, 3060 VLSB #3140, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Richard P. Shefferson

  2. Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, Riia 181, 51014, Tartu, Estonia

    Tiiu Kull & Kadri Tali

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  1. Richard P. Shefferson
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Correspondence to Richard P. Shefferson.

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Shefferson, R.P., Kull, T. & Tali, K. Demographic response to shading and defoliation in two woodland orchids. Folia Geobot 41, 95–106 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02805264

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