Abstract
An attempt was made to use high-melting lowdigestible fat palmstearin as a vanaspati substitute by blending it with polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich liquid oils. This blending produced fat products of zero-trans fatty acid content and melting points below the human body temperature, so that they can be digested easily. The new blended products were fed to male albino rats (Charles Foster strain); the coefficients of digestibilities were 94.2% for palmstearin and rapeseed oil blend, 95.1% for palmstearin and sunflower oil blend, and 96.2% for palmstearin and soybean oil blend, which were somewhat better than the digestibility coefficient of conventional vanaspati (93.6%). Feeding experiments for three months showed comparable results in terms of serum lipid profiles. The blended products significantly increased the total cholesterol level but not the free cholesterol level in serum and liver of rats when compared with those of the conventional vanaspati group of rats.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Mensink, R.P., and M.B. Katan, Effect of DietaryTrans Fatty Acids on High Density and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Health Subjects,N. Engl. J. Med. 323:439–445 (1990).
Zock, P.L., and M.B. Katan, Hydrogenation Alternatives: Effects ofTrans Fatty Acids and Stearic Acid Versus Linoleic Acid on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins in Humans,J. Lipid Res. 33:399–410 (1992).
Willett, W.C., M.J. Stampfer, J.E. Manson, G.A. Colditz, F.E. Speizer, B.A. Rosner, L.A. Sampson, and C.H. Hennenkens, Intake ofTrans Fatty Acids and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Among Women,The Lancet 341:581–585 (1993).
Pantzaris, T.P.,Pocketbook of Palm Oil Uses, Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 1988, p. 13.
Majumdar, S., and D.K. Bhattacharyya,Trans Free Vanaspati from Palmstearin and Vegetable Oils by Interesterification Process,Oleagineaux 41:235–240 (1986).
Majumdar, S., and D.K. Bhattacharyya, Nutrition of Hydrogenated Vanaspati and Interesterified Vanaspati Made from Palmstearin and Selective Oils,,41:393–399 (1986).
Gottenbos, J.J., and R.Q. Vles, The Nutritive Value of Palm Oil, ISF/AOCS World Congress, New York, Abstract No. 19, April 27–May 1, 1980.
Indian Standard I.S. Methods of Sampling and Test for Oils and Fats (Revised), Fourth Reprint, May 1975, Indian Standard Institution (ISI), IS:548 (Part 1), 1964, p. 33.
Ghosh Chaudhuri, P., M.M. Chakrabarty, and D.K. Bhattacharyya, Modification of Some Tree-Borne Seed Fats for the Preparation of High Priced Confectionary Fats,Fette Seifen. Anstrichm. 85:224–227 (1983).
Metcalfe, L.D., and A.A. Schmitz, Rapid Preparation of Fatty Acid Esters for Gas-Chromatographic Analysis,Anal. Chem. 33:363–364 (1961).
Allen, R.R., A Rapid Method for Determination ofTrans Unsaturation in Fats and Derivatives,J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 46:552–553 (1969).
Sarkar, S., and D.K. Bhattacharyya, Nutrition of Rice Bran Oil in Relation to Its Purification,68:956–962 (1991).
Ray, S., and D.K. Bhattacharyya, Comparative Nutrition Study of Enzymatically and Chemically Interesterified Palm Oil Products,72:327–330 (1995).
Hawk's Physiological Chemistry, 14th edn., edited by L. Oser, TATA McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1976, p. 1376.
Angur, V., H.S. Rollman, and H.J. Duel Jr., The Effect of Crude Lecithin on Coefficient of Digestibility and Rate of Absorption of Fats,J. Nutr. 33:177–186 (1947).
Jones, J.H., and C. Foster, A Salt Mixture for Use with Basal Diets Either Low or High in Phosphorous,24:245–256 (1942).
Kates, M.,Techniques of Lipidology, American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1972, pp. 349 and 351.
Zlatkis, A., B. Zak, and A. Boyle, A Method for the Determination of Serum Cholesterol,J. Lab. Clin. Med. 41:486–490 (1953).
Chen, P.S., T.Y. Toribara, and H. Warner, Microdetermination of Phosphorus,Anal. Chem. 28:1756–1758 (1956).
Van Handel, E., and D.B. Zilversmit, Micromethod for the Direct Determination of Serum Triglyceride.,J. Lab. Clin. Med. 50:152–157 (1957).
Biometrika Tables for Statisticians, Vol. 1, edited by E.S. Pearson, and H.O. Harteley, Cambridge, 1966, Table 12.
Mattson, F.H., An Investigation of the Essential Fatty Acid Activity of Some of the Geometrical Isomers of Unsaturated Fatty Acids,J. Nutr. 17:366–370 (1960).
Takatori, T., F.C. Phillips, H. Shimasaki, and O.S. Privett, Effects of Dietary Saturated andTrans Fatty Acids on Tissue Lipid Composition and Serum LCAT Activity in the Rat,Lipids 11:272–280 (1976).
Moore, C.E., R.B. Alfin-Slater, and L. Aftergood, Effect ofTrans Fatty Acids on Serum Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyl Transferase in Rats,J. Nutr. 110:2284–2290 (1980).
Achaya, K.T., Nutrition and Health Aspects of Fats, inTreatise on Fats, Fatty Acids and Oleochemicals, Vol. 1, edited by O.P. Narula, Industrial Consultants, New Delhi, 1994, pp. 0-1/2–0-3/12.
Sen, D.P., Nutrition Qualities of Fats and Oils,, Vol. 1, edited by O.P. Narula, Industrial Consultants, New Delhi, 1994, pp. 0-1/2–0-1/12.
Klein, P.D., Linoleic Acid and Cholesterol Metabolism in the Rat, I. The Effect of Dietary Fat and Linoleic Acid Levels on the Content and Composition of Cholesterol Esters in Liver and Plasma,Arch. Biochem. and Biophysics. 76:56–64 (1958).
Whitney, J.E., and S. Roberts, Influence of Previous Diet on Hepatic Glycogenesis and Lipogenesis,Am. J. Physiol. 181:446–450 (1955).
Avigan, J., and D. Steinberg, Effects of Saturated and Unsaturated Fat on Cholesterol Metabolism in the Rat,Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 97:814–816 (1958).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Ray, S., Bhattacharyya, D.K. Comparative nutritional quality of palmstearin-liquid oil blends and hydrogenated fat (vanaspati). J Amer Oil Chem Soc 73, 617–622 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02518117
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02518117